LAPORAN PERANCANGAN TKA 490 – TUGAS AKHIR SEMESTER B TAHUN AJARAN 2011 2012

  BUTTERFLY PARK LAPORAN PERANCANGAN TKA 490 – TUGAS AKHIR SEMESTER B TAHUN AJARAN 2011 / 2012 Sebagai Persyaratan Untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Teknik

  Oleh :

ANGGIE CARADINA ARUAN 080406072 DEPARTEMEN ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2012

BUTTERFLY PARK

  

OLEH :

ANGGIE CARADINA ARUAN

080406072

Medan, Juli 2012

  

Disetujui Oleh :

Pembimbing I Pembimbing II Ir. Sri Gunana, MT. Hajar Suwantoro, ST,MT

  

Ketua Departemen Arsitektur

Ir. Vinky Rahman, M.T.

  

NIP. 196606221997021001

KATA PENGANTAR

  Puji dan syukur penulis ucapkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena atas berkat kuasanya saya dapat mengerjakan tugas akhir ini. Tugas akhir ini mengambil judul: . Tugas akhir ini merupakan syarat

  

Butterfly Park

yang diwajibkan bagi mahasiswa untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik.

  Pada kesempatan ini, dengan tulus dan kerendahan hati, penulis menyampaikan

rasa hormat dan terima kasih serta penghargaan sebesar-besarnya kepada pembimbing

tugas akhir ibu bapak dan kepada ibu Ir. Sri Gunana, M.T. , Hajar Suwantoro, S.T. M.T. Ir. sebagai pembimbing tugas akhir, atas kesediaannya membimbing, Nurlisa Ginting, M.Sc.

memotivasi , memberi ilmu, dan waktu beliau sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan tugas

akhir ini. Rasa hormat dan terima kasih yang sama juga penulis tujukan kepada:

  Bapak Ir. N. Vinky Rahman, M.T. sebagai Ketua Jurusan Departemen Arsitektur dan Bapak Imam Faisal Pane, S.T., M.T. sebagai Sekretaris Jurusan Departemen Arsitektur Bapak Dr. Ir. Nelson M. Siahaan, Dipl. TP. M. Arch dan Wahyu Abdillah S.T. selaku koordinator Tugas Akhir, Departemen Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sumatera Utara Bapak dan Ibu dosen staff pengajar Departemen Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sumatera Utara Orang tua saya yang tercinta, Bapak Posma Aruan, S.H. dan Ibu Clara M. Pangaribuan S.H, SpN. atas segala doa, support, kesabaran dan segala

pengorbanannya selama ini sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan Tugas Akhir ini

Abang saya Valentino S.H dan kakak saya Rizkita S.E , serta adik-adik sepupu saya Titi dan Julian yang memberikan motivasi, dukungan, dan perhatiannya Teman-teman Arsitektur USU 2008 tanpa terkecuali khususnya Opi, Emi, Yeshi, Citra, Nona, Inke, Eka, Tity, Kecik, Babaw, Eka, Emma, Lilik, Bulsem, Bg Thommy, Erwin, Ite, Husin, Ilham, Rasyid, Fahmi, Tio, Mora, Dong, dan Adit serta “genk TA” saya atas

  ☺ kesetiakawanannya, pengalaman, dan pembelajaran hidup selama ini Sahabat-sahabat saya yang dimana pun mereka berada tetapi selalu ada buat saya

Kristina, Githa, Tasya, Aran, Edwin, Tri, Andy, Tiel, Daniel, Lioner, Juan dan Udiq.

  Penulis sungguh menyadari bahwa tugas akhir ini mungkin masih mempunyai banyak

kekurangan. Karena itu penulis membuka diri terhadap kritikan dan saran bagi

penyempurnaan tugas akhir ini agar dapat memberikan manfaat bagi pengembangan ilmu

pengetahuan khususnya di lingkungan Departemen Arsitektur USU.

  Medan, Juli 2012 Hormat saya,

ANGGIE CARADINA ARUAN

  DAFTAR ISI LEMBARAN PENGESAHAN SURAT HASIL PENILAIAN PROYEK AKHIR ( SHP2A ) ........................................... i KATA PENGANTAR

  ................................................................................................... ii

  DAFTAR ISI

  ................................................................................................................ iii

  DAFTAR GAMBAR

  .................................................................................................... vii

  DAFTAR TABEL

  ........................................................................................................ ix

  Bab I. Pendahuluan I.1. Latar Belakang ..................................................................................... 1 I.2. Maksud dan Tujuan Proyek .................................................................. 3 I.3. Perumusan Masalah ............................................................................ 3 I.4. Pendekatan Masalah............................................................................ 4 I.5. Batasan dan Lingkup Perencanaan ...................................................... 4 I.6. Kerangka Berpikir ................................................................................. 5 I.7. Sistematika Pembahasan ..................................................................... 6 Bab II . Deskripsi Proyek II.1. Terminologi Judul ................................................................................. 7 II.2. Tinjauan Umum .................................................................................... 7 II.2.1. Tinjauan Tentang Ekowisata ...................................................... 7 II.2.1.1. Definisi dan Prinsip Ekowisata ............................................ 7 II.2.1.2. Prinsip dan Konsep Pengembangan Ekowisata ......................... 9 II.2.2. Jenis Kegiatan Wisata ................................................................ 10 II.2.3. Tinjauan Terhadap Kupu-Kupu ..................................................... 11 II.2.3.1. Pengertian Kupu-Kupu ........................................................ 11 II.2.3.2. Struktur Morfologi Kupu-Kupu ............................................. 12 II.2.3.3. Siklus Hidup Kupu-Kupu (Metamorfosis) ............................. 13 II.2.3.4. Jenis Kupu-Kupu ................................................................. 16 II.2.3.5. Jenis Kupu-Kupu Langka dan Dilindungi di Indonesia ......... 18 II.2.3.6. Perilaku Kupu-Kupu ............................................................ 21 II.2.3.7. Kupu-kupu dan Manusia ..................................................... 22 II.2.3.8. Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pertumbuhan Kupu-Kupu ........ 23

  II.2.4.1. Tujuan Penangkaran ........................................................... 24

  II.2.4.2. Manfaat Penangkaran ......................................................... 24

  II.2.4.3. Alat dan Bahan yang Diperlukan dalam Pembangunan Penangkaran ...................................................................... 24

  II.2.4.4. Pengadaan Bibit .................................................................. 25

  II.2.4.5. Pemeliharaan ...................................................................... 25

  II.3. Tinjauan Lokasi .................................................................................... 28

  II.3.1. Kriteria Pemilihan Lokasi ............................................................ 28

  II.3.1.1. Tinjauan Terhadap Struktur Kota ......................................... 29

  II.3.1.2. Pencapaian ......................................................................... 31

  II.3.2. Analisis Pemilihan Lokasi ........................................................... 31

  II.3.2.1. Alternatif Lokasi ................................................................... 31

  II.3.2.2. Penilaian Alternatif Lokasi ................................................... 33

  II.3.3. Deskripsi Kondisi Eksisting Lokasi Sebagai Tapak Rancangan .. 35

  II.4. Tinjauan Fungsi .................................................................................... 36

  II.4.1. Deskripsi Pengguna .................................................................... 36

  II.4.2. Deskripsi Kegiatan ...................................................................... 36

  II.4.3. Deskripsi Persyaratan dan Kriteria Ruang .................................. 40

  II.5. Studi Banding Proyek Sejenis ............................................................... 41

  II.5.1. Butterfly Park Bali ....................................................................... 41

  II.5.2. Butterfly Park & Insect Kingdom Singapore ................................ 43

  II.5.3. Taman Nasional Bantimurung Bulusaraung ................................ 44

  II.5.4. Niagara Parks Garden Trail ........................................................ 47 .

  Bab III Elaborasi Tema III.1. Latar Belakang Pemilihan Tema .......................................................... 50 III.2. Deskripsi Tema .................................................................................... 50 III.2.1. Pengertian ................................................................................. 50 III.2.2. Fungsi Rekreasi ........................................................................ 53 III.2.3. Tujuan Rekreasi ........................................................................ 53 III.2.4. Karakteristik Rekreasi ................................................................ 53 III.2.5. Kategori Aktivitas Rekreasi ........................................................ 54 III.2.6. Jenis-Jenis Rekreasi ................................................................. 54

  III.4. Lingkup Kajian Tema ........................................................................... 58

  III.5. Keterkaitan Tema dengan Judul ........................................................... 58

  III.6. Studi Banding Tema Sejenis ................................................................. 59

  III.6.1. Taman Zabeel di Dubai ............................................................. 59

  III.6.2. Experience Music Project, Seattle, WA, USA ............................ 62

  III.6.3. Ocean Dome in Japan ............................................................... 64 .

  Bab IV Analisa IV.1. Analisa Eksisting ................................................................................. 67 IV.1.1. Analisa Lokasi .......................................................................... 67 IV.1.2. Kondisi Eksisting Lahan ........................................................... 68 IV.1.3. Batas Site ................................................................................. 69 IV.1.4. Tata Guna Lahan ..................................................................... 70 IV.1.5. BULK (Ketebalan Bangunan) .................................................... 71 IV.1.6. Skyline ...................................................................................... 71 IV.2. Analisa Potensi dan Kondisi Site ......................................................... 72 IV.2.1. Kesimpulan Analisa Fisik Site .................................................... 74 IV.3. Analisa Bangunan ............................................................................... 76 IV.3.1. Bentuk ....................................................................................... 76 IV.3.2. Orientasi dan View ................................................................... 77 IV.3.3. Sirkulasi dan Penzoningan ....................................................... 78 IV.3.4. Struktur .................................................................................... 80 IV.3.5. Utilitas ...................................................................................... 82 IV.4. Analisa Fungsional .............................................................................. 94 IV.4.1. Kebutuhan Ruang Berdasarkan Jenis Kegiatan ........................ 94 IV.4.2. Pola Kegiatan ........................................................................... 96 IV.4.3. Deskripsi Persyaratan dan Kriteria Ruang ................................. 98 IV.4.4. Analisa Jumlah Pengunjung ...................................................... 99 IV.4.5. Deskripsi Kebutuhan Ruang dan Besarannya ........................... 103 IV.4 6. Kebutuhan Area Parkir .............................................................. 109 . Bab V Konsep Perancangan V.1. Penerapan Tema Pada Bangunan ...................................................... 111 V.2. Konsep Perancangan ........................................................................... 111

  V.2.2. Konsep Sirkulasi ........................................................................ 113

  V.2.3. Konsep Tapak ............................................................................ 113

  V.3. Konsep Bangunan ................................................................................ 114

  V.4. Konsep Ruang ..................................................................................... 116 .

  Bab VI Hasil Perancangan VI.1. Siteplan ................................................................................................ 117 VI.2. Groundplan .......................................................................................... 118 VI.3. Denah ................................................................................................... 119 VI.3.1. Denah Lantai 1 .......................................................................... 119 VI.3.2. Denah Lantai 2 .......................................................................... 120 VI.4. Tampak Potongan ................................................................................ 121 VI.5. Potongan Tapak ................................................................................... 122 VI.6. Massa Laboratory ................................................................................ 123 VI.7. Massa Souvenir Centre ........................................................................ 124 VI.8. Rencana Pondasi dan Pembalokan ..................................................... 125 VI.9. Rencana-Rencana ............................................................................... 128 VI.9.1. Rencana Sanitasi ...................................................................... 128 VI.9.2. Rencana AC ............................................................................. 129 VI.9.3. Rencana Kebakaran ................................................................. 130 VI.9.4. Rencana Telepon ...................................................................... 131 VI.9.5. Rencana Elektrikal .................................................................... 132 VI.9.6. Rencana Atap ........................................................................... 133 VI.10. Detail .................................................................................................. 134 VI.11. Perspektif ........................................................................................... 136 VI.12. Maket ................................................................................................. 139 VI.13. Poster ................................................................................................. 140 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................... x

  DAFTAR GAMBAR

  HALAMAN

Gambar 2.1 Anatomi Kupu-Kupu ................................................................................. 12Gambar 2.2 Metamorfosis Kupu-Kupu ........................................................................ 14Gambar 2.3 Kupu-Kupu Famili Papilionidae ................................................................ 16Gambar 2.4 Kupu-Kupu Famili Pieridae ...................................................................... 16Gambar 2.5 Kupu-Kupu Famili Riodinidae .................................................................. 17Gambar 2.6 Kupu-Kupu Famili Nymphalidae............................................................... 17Gambar 2.7 Kupu-Kupu Famili Lycaenidae ................................................................. 18Gambar 2.8 Peta Kawasan Perencanaan Kota Medan ............................................... 30Gambar 2.9 Peta Lokasi Alternatif 1 ............................................................................ 31Gambar 2.10 Peta Lokasi Alternatif 2 .......................................................................... 32Gambar 2.11 Peta Lokasi Alternatif 3 .......................................................................... 33Gambar 2.12 Peta Lokasi Site ..................................................................................... 35Gambar 2.13 Kolam Teratai di Butterfly Park .............................................................. 41Gambar 2.14 Suasana Bali Butterfly Park ................................................................... 42Gambar 2.15 Butterfly Park & Insect Kingdom ............................................................ 43Gambar 2.16 Suasana Singapura Butterfly Park ......................................................... 43Gambar 2.17 Singapura Butterfly Park ........................................................................ 44Gambar 2.18 Kerajaan Kupu-Kupu Bantimurung ........................................................ 44Gambar 2.19 Air Terjun Bantimurung .......................................................................... 45Gambar 2.20 Suasana Taman Nasional Bantimurung ................................................. 46Gambar 2.21 Niagara Parks Butterfly Conservatory .................................................... 47Gambar 2.22 Butterfly Conservatory ........................................................................... 48Gambar 2.23 Fasilitas di Butterfly Conservatory .......................................................... 49Gambar 2.24 Botanical Gardens ................................................................................. 49Gambar 3.1 Suasana Taman Zabeel .......................................................................... 61Gambar 3.2 Exterior Museum ..................................................................................... 62Gambar 3.3 Suasana Museum .................................................................................... 64Gambar 3.4 Suasana Interior Ocean Dome ................................................................ 65Gambar 3.5 Suasana Interior Ocean Dome ................................................................ 66Gambar 3.6 Suasana Ocean Dome ............................................................................ 66Gambar 4.1 Peta Lokasi Butterfly Park ........................................................................ 67Gambar 4.3 Kondisi Eksisting Site .............................................................................. 68Gambar 4.4 Kondisi Sekitar Site .................................................................................. 69Gambar 4.5 Peta Tata Guna Lahan Radius 500 meter ................................................ 70Gambar 4.6 Peta Ketebalan Bangunan Sekitar ........................................................... 71Gambar 4.7 Skyline ..................................................................................................... 71Gambar 4.8 Analisa ..................................................................................................... 73Gambar 4.9 Contoh Gambar Pencahayaan dalam Ruang Galeri ................................ 86Gambar 4.10 Bagan Sistem Deteksi Kebakaran ......................................................... 87Gambar 4.11 Bagan Sistem Listrik .............................................................................. 89Gambar 4.12 Sistem Dinding Ganda pada Auditorium ................................................ 91Gambar 4.13 Sistem Dinding Belakang Panggung ...................................................... 92Gambar 4.14 Sistem Plafon Betrap ............................................................................. 93Gambar 4.15 Sistem Kedalaman Balkon ..................................................................... 93Gambar 4.16 Diagram Kegiatan Pengunjung .............................................................. 96Gambar 4.17 Diagram Kegiatan Pengelola ................................................................. 97Gambar 4.18 Diagram Kegiatan Lab ........................................................................... 97Gambar 4.19 Diagram Kegiatan Teknisi ...................................................................... 97Gambar 5.1 Flowchart ................................................................................................. 111Gambar 5.2 Konsep Penzoningan ............................................................................... 112Gambar 5.3 Konsep Sirkulasi ...................................................................................... 113Gambar 5.4 Konsep Vegetasi ..................................................................................... 114Gambar 5.5 Konsep Bangunan Utama ........................................................................ 115Gambar 5.6 Konsep Ruang ......................................................................................... 116Gambar 6.1. Perspektif Suasana dari Bundaran Royal Sumatra ................................. 136Gambar 6.2. Perspektif Suasana di Bus Stop .............................................................. 136Gambar 6.3. Suasana dari Parkiran Sepeda Motor ..................................................... 136Gambar 6.4. Suasana di Flower Garden ..................................................................... 137Gambar 6.5. Suasana dalam Butterfly Park (netting area) ........................................... 137Gambar 6.6. Suasana area masuk Butterfly Park ........................................................ 137Gambar 6.7. Suasana Fountain di Area Gazebo ......................................................... 138Gambar 6.8. Perspektif Interior (living butterfly) ........................................................... 138Gambar 6.9. Perspektif Interior (rainbow view) ............................................................ 138Gambar 6.10. Hasil Akhir Maket .................................................................................. 139

  DAFTAR TABEL

  HALAMAN