Analisis Respon Masyarakat Terhadap Eksistensi Pos Keadilan Peduli Umat (Pkpu) Di Kota Medan

  SKRIPSI ANALISIS RESPON MASYARAKAT TERHADAP EKSISTENSI POS KEADILAN PEDULI UMAT (PKPU) DI KOTA MEDAN OLEH WIRA PRAMADANA 090501026 PROGRAM STUDI STRATA-1 EKONOMI PEMBANGUNAN DEPARTEMEN EKONOMI PEMBANGUNAN FAKULTAS EKONOMI dan BISNIS UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2014

  

ABSTRAK

  ANALISIS RESPON MASYARAKAT TERHADAP EKSISTENSI PKPU DI KOTA MEDAN Kemiskinan merupakan masalah utama dalam perekonomian Indonesia.

  Pertumbuhan ekonomi tanpa disertai distribusi pendapatan tidak akan dapat menghapus kemiskinan. Pemerintah telah berupaya untuk mengurangi ketimpangan yang ada bersama masyarakat melalui instrument zakat, infak, sedekah, dan wakaf dengan melahirkan Undang-Undang Nomor 38 Tahun 1999 tentang Pengelolaan Zakat. Dengan potensi mencapai Rp 217 Triliun pada tahun 2011, maka perlu adanya suatu evaluasi atas program pengelolaan dana ZISWAF yang bertujuan untuk mengentaskan kemiskinan ini.

  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Respon Masyarakat Terhadap Eksistensi PKPU di Kota Medan. Penelitian dilakukan di PKPU Cabang Kota Medan, dimana Studi Kasus tempat penelitian dilakukan di daerah Medan Sunggal. Jenis penelitian dalam skripsi ini yaitu dengan menggunakan metode Deskriptif Kualitatif, dengan jumlah sampel 100 responden yang masing-masing terbagi atas 50 responden Muzakki dan 50 responden Mustahiq PKPU di Kota Medan. Jenis data yang dipakai terdiri dari data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh dengan menyebarkan kuesioner langsung kepada responden dan mengumpulkannya dalam jangka waktu satu minggu. Model analisis data yang digunakan adalah dengan pengujian kualitas data menngunakan uji validitas dan reliabilitas.

  Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa respon masyarakat terhadap PKPU kota Medan baik dari responden Muzakki maupun dari responden Mustahiq memiliki kepuasan atas program-program dan kegiatan dari PKPU Medan. Tetapi harus ada perbaikan dan penyelarasan serta ketepatan program terutama yang berhubungan langsung dengan Mustahiq. Karena masih banyak kekurangan dalam pendistribusian kepada Mustahiq dan pengetahuan Mustahiq akan PKPU medan baik secara Lembaga maupun dalam program dan Kegiatan.

  Kata Kunci :Eksistensi, Respon, Program, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

  ABSTRACT

  ANALYSIS OF THE PUBLIC RESPONSE TO THE EXISTENCE PKPU IN MEDAN Poverty is a major problem in Indonesia's economy. Economic growth without income distribution will not be able to alleviate poverty. The government have been efforts to reduce the inequalities with the society through zakkah instruments, infak, sedekah, and wakaf, with legalize Act No. 38 of 1999 on Management of Zakkah. With a potential of up to Rp 217 Trillion in 2011, then there needs to be an evaluation of the management program ZISWAF funds that aim to alleviate poverty.

  The purpose of this research is to determine the public response to the existence PKPU in Medan. The research was conducted at PKPU Branch Medan, where a case conducted in the area of Medan sunggal. This type of research in this thesis is by using

  Qualitative Descriptive method, with a sample of 100 respondent each consisting of 50 respondent Muzakki and 50 respondent Mustahiq. The type of data used consisted of the primary data and secondary data. Primary data were collected by distributing questionnaires directly to the respondents and collect within one week. The model of data analysis used is to test the quality of data with testing validity and reliability.

  The results of this research indicate that the public response to PKPU Medan both respondent have the satisfaction of the programs and activities of PKPU Medan. But there should be improvement and alignment as well as the accuracy of the program, especially in direct contact with Mustahiq. Because there are still many shortcomings in the distributions to Mustahiq, and knowledge will PKPU terrain Mustahiq both institutions as well as in programs and activities.

  Keywords: Existence, Response, Programs, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

  

DAFTAR ISI

ABSTRAK ..................................................................................................... i ABSTRACT.................................................................................................... ii DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................ iii DAFTAR TABEL........................................................................................... iv DAFTAR GAMBAR....................................................................................... v

  BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah .......................................................

  1 1.2 Perumusan Masalah ..............................................................

  7 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ..................................................................

  7 1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................

  7 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Ilmu Ekonomi Dalam Perspektif Islam ................................

  9 2.1.1 Pengertian Ekonomi Islam .............................................

  9 2.1.2 Ekonomi Islam Sebagai Ilmu .........................................

  9 2.1.3 Ekonomi Islam Sebagai Sistem Ekonomi ......................

  10 2.2 Zakat ....................................................................................

  11 2.2.1 Pengertian Zakat..............................................................

  11 2.2.2 Landasan Zakat ..............................................................

  11 2.2.3 Klasifikasi Zakat .............................................................

  12 2.2.3.1 Zakat Fitrah .........................................................

  12 2.2.3.2 Zakat Maal ..........................................................

  17 2.2.4 Syarat Zakat ....................................................................

  27 2.2.5 Penerima Zakat................................................................

  28 2.2.6 ManfaatZakat ..................................................................

  31 2.2.7 Macam-Macam Institusi Zakat .......................................

  32 2.2.7.1 Lembaga Zakat Milik Negara (BAZ) ..................

  32 2.2.7.1 Lembaga Zakat swasta (LAZ) .............................

  35 2.3 Respon ..................................................................................

  37 2.4 Masyarakat ............................................................................

  38 2.5 Eksistensi ..............................................................................

  39 2.6 Penelitian Terdahulu .............................................................

  40 2.7 Kerangka Konseptual ............................................................

  42 2.8 Hipotesis ...................................................................................

  42 2.8.1 Hipotesis Penelitian .......................................................

  43

  BAB IIIMETODE PENELITIAN 3.1 Metode Penelitian .................................................................

  44 3.2 Lokasi Dan ObjekPenelitian .................................................

  44 3.3 Jenis Dan Sumber Data .........................................................

  45 3.4 Populasi Dan Sampel penelitian ...........................................

  46

  3.4.1 Populasi……………………………………………….. . 46 3.4.2 Sampel .............................................................................

  47 3.5 Uji Validitas Dan Uji Reliabilitas .........................................

  47

  3.5.1 Uji Validitas …………………………………………… 47

  3.5.2 Uji Reliabilitas ………………………………………… 48 3.6 Teknik Analisis .....................................................................

  49 3.7 Pengukuran Variabel .............................................................

  50 3.8 Defenisi Operasional Variabel Penelitian .............................

  52 BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN 4.1 Profil Pos Keadilan Peduli Umat (PKPU) ............................

  53 4.1.1 Sejarah PKPU .................................................................

  53 4.1.2 Sejarah PKPU Medan ....................................................

  58 4.1.3 Visi Dan Misi ..................................................................

  59 4.1.4 Program PKPU ................................................................

  60 4.2 Karakteristik Responden .......................................................

  60 4.2.1 Jenis kelamin ...................................................................

  60 4.2.2 Usia .................................................................................

  61 4.2.3 Pekerjaan .........................................................................

  63 4.2.4 Pendidikan terakhir .........................................................

  64 4.2.5 Pendapatan ......................................................................

  66 4.2.6 Jenis Zakat yang Dibayar ................................................

  67 4.2.7 Jenis Zakat Maal Yang Dibayar ......................................

  68 4.2.8 Harga Beras Zakat Fitrah ................................................

  68 4.3 Uji Validitas Dan UjiReliabilitas ..........................................

  69 4.3.1 Pengujian Valid Data Instrumen .....................................

  69 4.3.2 Uji Reliabilitas ................................................................

  71 4.4 Analisis Deskriptif ...................................................................

  72 4.4.1 Analisis Deskriptif Muzakki ...........................................

  72 4.4.2 Analisis Deskriptif Mustahiq ..........................................

  77 BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1 Kesimpulan ...........................................................................

  81 5.2 Saran .....................................................................................

  82 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................... vi

  

DAFTAR TABEL

No. Tabel Judul Halaman

Tabel 4.23 Analisis Pertanyaan Muzakki 5 ..................................................... 75Tabel 4.17 Uji Reliabilitas Data Muzakki ....................................................... 72Tabel 4.18 Uji Reliabilitas Data Mustahiq ...................................................... 72Tabel 4.19 Analisis Pertanyaan Muzakki 1 ..................................................... 73Tabel 4.20 Analisis Pertanyaan Muzakki 2 ..................................................... 73Tabel 4.21 Analisis Pertanyaan Muzakki 3 ..................................................... 74Tabel 4.22 Analisis Pertanyaan Muzakki 4 ..................................................... 74Tabel 4.24 Analisis Pertanyaan Muzakki 6 ..................................................... 75Tabel 4.15 Uji Validitas Data Muzakki .......................................................... 70Tabel 4.25 Analisis Pertanyaan Muzakki 7 ..................................................... 76Tabel 4.26 Analisis Pertanyaan Mustahiq 1 .................................................... 77Tabel 4.27 Analisis Pertanyaan Mustahiq 2 .................................................... 77Tabel 4.28 Analisis Pertanyaan Mustahiq 3 .................................................... 78Tabel 4.29 Analisis Pertanyaan Mustahiq 4 .................................................... 78Tabel 4.30 Analisis Pertanyaan Mustahiq 5 .................................................... 79Tabel 4.31 Analisis Pertanyaan Mustahiq 6 .................................................... 79Tabel 4.16 Uji Validitas Data Mustahiq ......................................................... 71Tabel 4.14 Data Harga Beras Zakat Fitrah Mustahiq...................................... 69Tabel 2.1 Nishab Zakat Unta......................................................................... 21Tabel 4.4 Data Usia Mustahiq ....................................................................... 62Tabel 2.2 Nishab Sapi Atau Kerbau .............................................................. 22Tabel 2.3 Nishab Kambing Atau Domba ...................................................... 23Tabel 3.1 Skala Uji Reliabilitas..................................................................... 49Tabel 4.1 Data Jenis Kelamin Muzakki ........................................................ 61Tabel 4.2 Data Jenis Kelamin Mustahiq ....................................................... 61Tabel 4.3 Data Usia Muzakki ........................................................................ 62Tabel 4.5 Data Pekerjaan Muzakki ............................................................... 63Tabel 4.13 Data Harga Beras Zakat Fitrah Muzakki ...................................... 69Tabel 4.6 Data Pekerjaan Mustahiq .............................................................. 64Tabel 4.7 Data Pendidikan Terakhir Muzakki .............................................. 65Tabel 4.8 Data Pendidikan Terakhir Mustahiq ............................................. 66Tabel 4.9 Data Pendapatan Muzakki............................................................. 66Tabel 4.10 Data Pendapatan Mustahiq ............................................................ 67Tabel 4.11 Jenis Zakat Yang DIbayar ............................................................. 68Tabel 4.12 Jumlah Responden Berdasarkan Zakat Yang Dibayar .................. 68Tabel 4.32 Analisis Pertanyaan Mustahiq 7 .................................................... 80

  

DAFTAR GAMBAR

No. Gambar Judul Halaman