Karakterisasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Batang Landoyung (Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers.) Dengan Metode DPPH Serta Analisis Kandungan Kimianya

KARAKTERISASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK
ETANOL KULIT BATANG LANDOYUNG (Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers.)
DENGAN METODE DPPH SERTA ANALISIS KANDUNGAN KIMIANYA
ABSTRAK
Kulit batang landoyung (Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers.) biasanya digunakan
sebagai obat sakit pencernaan dan sebagai bumbu masak. Mengandung senyawa
kimia yang terdiri dari saponin, flavonoid dan tanin, merupakan metabolit
sekunder yang bersifat antioksidan. Antioksidan merupakan senyawa yang dapat
menghambat reaksi oksidasi, dengan mengikat radikal bebas dan molekul yang
sangat reaktif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik
simplisia dan ekstrak, skrining fitokimia dan uji aktivitas antioksidan dari
ekstrak etanol kulit batang landoyung serta analisis kandungan kimia secara
kromatografi.
Serbuk simplisia diekstraksi secara maserasi menggunakan etanol 80%,
maserat yang diperoleh diuapkan dengan bantuan rotari evaporator temperatur
±40˚C. Serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak dikarakterisasi dan diskrining fitokimia.
Ekstrak diuji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode pemerangkapan radikal bebas
DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), serta dianalisis kandungan kimianya
dengan KLT dan KKt.
Hasil pemeriksaan karakteristik simplisia kulit batang landoyung dan
ekstrak berturut-turut yaitu kadar air (5,66% dan 9,33%), kadar sari larut air

(8,00% dan 26,66%), kadar sari larut etanol (8,33% dan 29,00%), kadar abu
(2,62% dan 2,24%), serta kadar abu larut asam (0,65% dan 0,47%). Serbuk
simplisia dan ekstrak mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, glikosida,
saponin, tanin, dan triterpenoid/ steroid. Pengukuran aktivitas antioksidan
denganmetode pemerangkapan radikal bebasDPPH, ekstrak etanol kulit batang
landoyung menunjukkan kekuatan antioksidan dalam kategori sangat kuat dengan
nilai IC50 30,94 µg/mL. Hasil KLT ekstrak etanol kulit batang landoyung
diperoleh 11 senyawa triterpenoid dan 8 senyawa alkaloid. Hasil KKt diperoleh 3
senyawa flavonoid dan 1 senyawa tanin.
Kata kunci: antioksidan metode DPPH, ekstrak etanol, Litsea cubeba (Lour.)
Pers., KLT, KKt.

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Universitas Sumatera Utara

CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY TEST OF
ETHANOL EXTRACT OF LANDOYUNG BARK (Litsea cubeba (Lour.)
Pers.WITH DPPH METHOD AND ALSO ANALYSIS CHEMICAL CONTENT

ABSTRACT

Bark of landoyung (Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers.) has been used as diarrhea
and spises. Contained chemical compounds such as saponin, flavonoid and tannin,
which are secondary metabolites that are fungctioning as antioxidant..
Antioxidants are compounds that can inhibit the oxidation reaction, by scavenging
free radicals and highly reactive molecules. The purpose of this study is to
characterize the simplex and extract, phytochemical screening and test the
antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of landoyung bark, and also
chromatographic analysis of the chemical constituents in ethanol ehtract of
landoyung bark.
Simplex was extracted by maseration with ethanol 80%, maserat was
evaporated by rotary evaporator by ± 40˚C. Simplex and extract were
characterized and screened phytochemically. The Extract was tested by the free
radical geminating method of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) to determine
its antioxidant activity, and also was analysed chemicals compounds by TLC and
paper chromatography .
The result of the simplex and extract characterization were following
level of water content (5.66% and 9.33%), level of water-soluble extract (8.00%
and 26.66%), level of ethanol-soluble extract (8.33% dan 29.00%), level of total
ash (2.62% and 2.24%), and level of ash not soluble in acid (0.65% and 0.47%).
Phytochemical screening that simplex and extract of landoyung bark contains

alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, and triterpenoid/ steroid.
Results of the antioxidant activity test with DPPH method, showed the ethanol
extract of the landoyung bark has a very strong antioxidant activity with the IC50
value 30.94 µg/mL. The TLC results showed the ethanol extrac contains 11
triterpenoids and 8 alkaloid compounds. The results of paper chromatography
showed that it contains 3 flavonoid and 1 tanin compounds.
Keywords: antioxidants DPPH methode, extracts of ethanol, Litsea cubeba
(Lour.) Pers., TLC, paper chromatography.

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Universitas Sumatera Utara