Pemberantasan Kejahatan Transnasional dalam Peta Politik Global.
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Pernberantasan Ke j ahatan Transnasio al
dalamPetaPolitik Global
y a n g m e m ilik i p o s is i s tr a te g is
Hipokrit
d a la m tu r u t m e n c itp ta k a n
K e s e n ja n g a n
k e h id u p a n
s o s ia l
d a n e k o n o m i in ila h y a n g ju g a m e n ja d i k e p r ih a tin a n
S tig litz ( 2 0 0 3 ) ,
s e o r a n g a h li e k o n o m i in te r n a s io n a l, y a n g m e n y a ta k a n
lo b a lis a s i
G
s a a t in i s u d a h
m e ru p a k a n
a n te r s e b u t
k e y a k in a n
h ip o k r it
(d o g m a ) y a n g k u a t b a h w a
k e b e r h a s ila n
n e g a ra
m a ju
te r h a d a p
d e n g a n b e r b a g a i a la s a n , te la h m e n o la k e k s p o r n e g a r a b e r k e m b a n g
b e g itu
k e n e g a r a n y a s e h in g g a n e g a r a b e r -
g lo b a lis a s i
a d a la h
s e ja h te r a a n
I n ti a r a h
m encapai
d u n ia ta n p a
ta n p a a d a p e m b e d a a n
ke-
k e c u a li
u n tu k
la g i n e g a r a
I d e a lis m e y a n g d ita n a m k a n
ja k k o n s e n s u s W a s h in g to n
te la h m a m p u m e n d o r o n g
a n d i s e lu r u h n e g a r a
se-
(1 9 8 0 )
d a n m e n in g -
k e b ija k -
A ta s d a s a r d o g m a te r s e -
b u t s u d a h te r b a y a n g
k e s e ja h te r a -
a n y a n g a d il d a n b e r im b a n g
d a la m
p ro -
p e m b e n tu k a n
p e r-
n a s io n a l d i n e -
d i s a tu
" th e
dan
s is i, d a n
h a ve"
g a ra
b e rk e m b a n g
te r m a s u k
dan
tik a d a n P s ik o tr o p ik a
di
M e n e n ta n g
S e la in
itu ,
b e rb a g a i
in te r n a s io n a l
d a la m b e n tu k
d a la m v e r s i
te r o r is m e ..
D a la m m e n y ik a p i
I M F d a n m e n c a b u t V U K e p a ilita n
w a r is a n
p e m e r in ta h
k o lo n ia l B e -
la n d a . M a k s u d s e s u n g g u h n y a
ada-
k e p a d a p r in s ip k e d a u la ta n
am an dan nyam an
n e s ia b e r u s a h a
k h a w a tir a n
k o n s e n s u s te r s e b u t b u -
in te m a s io n a l te ta p i ju g a d a la m s e k dan
k e a m a n a n s e r ta p e n e g a k a n h u k u m
( k a m tib g a k k u m ) .
N am un
ada ke-
o le h p e n g -
d a la m
tid a k
K K N .K ~ n y a ta a n n y a ,s a n g a ts e d ik it
n a s lc -
d a n b e rk e m b a n g
nedan
d a m p a k y a n g s a n g a t m e m p r ih a tin k a n d i m a n a k e lo m p o k t h e h a v e s e m a k in b e r ta m b a h k a y a
n o ts e m a k in m is k in ,
dan th e h a ve
a s in g y a n g d in y a ta k a n
in ila h
. D i b id a n g k a m tib g a k k u m ,
I n d o n e s ia
p~-
n g a r u h n e g a r a m a ju ju g a tid a k k a la h a g r e s if n y a d e n g a n p e r tim b a n ~ an bahw a
Kliping
se c a ra
g e o p o litik ,
m e ru p a k a n
k ir a n y a
d a n ja ja r a n
n a ls w a s ta .
I n d o n e s ia
B ah-
angka 4
p r in -
D a la m k o n te k s k e r a n g k a p ik ir
d in g k a n d e n g a n p e r u s a h a a n
g a r a m a ju
P B B ( 1 9 4 5 ) B a b I P a s a l2
ik lim in v e s ta s iy a n g s e h a td a n b e b a s
lu h ta h u n , te r b u k ti
k e tim -
in te g -
in te r v e n s i.
s ip n o n - in te r v e n s i te r s e b u t.
d ib a n -
a n ta r a
r i t y ) , d a n p r in s ip
d e n g a n ja r g o n u n tu k m e n c ip ta k a n
p a ilit d e n g a n V U te r s e b u t
te r ja d i
o f s ta te s ), ke-
(te r r ito r ia l
d a n a n g k a 7 te la h d ite g a s k a n
p r a k tik g lo b a lis a s i s e la m a tig a p u k e s e ja h te r a a n
(e q u a lity
n e g a ra
y a itu p r in s ip
m e n g e m u k a a k a n te ta p i d ib u n g k u s
p e ru sa h a a n
pangan
s o ve r e ig n ty)
k a n , d a la m P ia g a m P e m b e n tu k a n
u s a h a p r ib u m i.
M a k s u d in i s u d a h te n tu
k a n h a n y a d i b id a n g p e r d a g a n g a n
to r la in n y a s e p e r ti k e te r tib a n
ta n p a
d ic u r a n g i
sem ua kon-
v e n s i itu s e tia p n e g a r a b e r p e g a n g
n e g a r a b e r k e m b a n g te r m a s u k I n d o la k s a n a k a n
" s o ft
- u n tu k m e n c e g a h d a n m e m b e r a n ta s tin d a k p id a n a te r s e b u t d i a ta s ,
a n k ita k e tik a a w a l r e f o r m a s i 1 9 9 8 ,
te r u ta m a te r h a d a p tin d a k p id a n a
I M F te la h " m e m a k s a k a n " p e m b e r -
s a tu a n te r ito r ia l
m e m a tu h i d a n m e -
(2 0 0 3 ).
in s tr u m e n
la w " te la h d ite ta p k a n o le h D K P B B
k e s e ta r a a n
itu ,
(2 0 0 0 ), d a n
K o n v e n s iP B B A n ti- K o r u p s i
k a n m o d a ln y a d i I n d o n e s ia d e n g a n
p e n c a p a ia n
U ang
T in d ~ k P id a n a T r a n s -
n a s io n a l T e r o r g a n is a s i
(s ta te 's
U n tu k tu ju a n
(1 9 8 8 ); K o n -
( 1 9 9 0 ) ; K o n v e n s i P B B A n ti- T e r o r is -
la h a g a r in v e s to r a s in g m e n a n a m -
" t h e h a v e n o t " d i s is ila in .
yang
s a m p a i s a a t in i
I n d o n e s ia .M a s ih k u a td a la m in g a t-
la k u a n V U K e p a ilita n
a n ta r a
n e g a r a m a ju d a n b e r k e m b a n g
m is k in
m e la lu i b e r b a g a i
u n d a n g -u n d a n g a n
k e m b a n g u n tu k m e n c a p a i c ita - c ita
k e lo m p o k
sedur
in te m a s io n a l
s tr a te g is
m e (1 9 9 7 d a n 1 9 9 8 ); K o n v e n si P B B
P e r ila k u h ip o k r it n e g a r a m a ju
tib g a k k u m
I n s tr u m e r i
b e r s if a t
v e n s i P B B A n ti- P e n c u c ia n
te r m a s u k p e r i-
la k u p e ja b a t p u b lik d i n e g a r a b e r -
a n ta r a
m e m p e r o le h
h a m b a ta n
ju g a te la h m e m a s u k i b id a n g k a m -
kem bang.
n e g a ra
m e n g a la m i
b a ik y a n g te la h d i-
a d o p s i d a n d ir a tif ik a s i n e g a r a a n g -
a d a la h : K o n v e n s i P B B A n ti- N a r k o -
k a tk a n d e v is a k e n e g a r a n y a .
k a y a , m is k in , n e g a r a m a ju d a n b e r -
te r s e b u t.
kem bang
b e r k a ita n
h u k u m p id a n a
g o ta P B B te r m a s u k I n d o n e s ia .
g a r a a k a n b e r im b a s d i n e g a r a la in ,
p u la s e b a lik n y a .
in te m a s io n a l
in te m a s io n a l;
s ik a p
k a m tib -
A s ia - P a s if ik .
S a a t in i s u d a h a d a le b ih d a r i 1 2 8
in s tr u m e n
n e g a r a b e r k e m b a n g . N e g a r a m a ju ,
e k o n o m i d i s a tu n e -
d i w ila y a h
dengan penegakan
k e s e n ja n g -
s e b a g a i a k ib a t
gakkum
n e g a ra
Humas Unpad 2010
,
.
p e m im p in
p e ja b a t
bangsa
b ir o k r a s i
h a r u s m e m p e r la k u k a n
di
k o n v e n s i in te m a s io n a l
K o n s e p a n a lis is e k o n o m i d a la m
p e m b e n tu k a n
n e m p a tk a n n y a
u n d a n g ) b e rtu m p u
k e p e n tin g a n
d i d a la m
k e ra n g k a
bangs a dan
n e g a ra
hukum
(u n d a n g -
p a d a tig a p rin s ip
y a i t u ,m a k s i m a l i s a s i ,k e s e i m b a n g a n
y a n g d ila n d a s k a n
pada U U D 1945
d a n e fis ie n s i
d a n s is te m h u k u m
n a s i o n a l .P e r t i m -
D a la m m e m p e rtim b a n g k a n
bangan
.
s e c a ra p a tu t,
tid a k b e rle b ih a n . M e re k a h a m s m e -
yang
m adai
m e n d a la m
te rh a d a p
dan m e-
k e n y a ta a n
. g a m a n m a sy a ra k a t
k e ra -
In d o n e s ia , b a ik
d a la m a s a l u s u l e tn is , a g a m a , b u d a y a , d a n s tra ta s o s ia l-e k o n o m i, m e ru . pakan
la n g k a h
dan pe-
b ija k s a n a
nuh kew aspadaan
d i d a la m m e n a ta
k e m b a li d a m p a k
(p o s itif d a n n e g a -
tif) d o g m a g lo b a lis a s i
m e m e n g a ru h i
la n g s u n g
yang dapat
la n g s u n g
a ta u tid a k
p e m b e n tu k a n
p e ra tu ra n
p e ru n d a n g a n -u n d a n g a n .
aspek
(C o o te r
te rs e b u t
ja n g a n
a sp e k n o n -h u k u m
y a itu s ik a p h ip o -
Sikap hipokrit
negara maju sudah
in ila h d ip e rlu k a n s tu d i b a n d in g k e
terbukti dalam
n e g a ra -n e g a ra
m a ju p e n g e k s p o r
k o n s e p , " tra n s p a ra n s i,
i n t e g r i t a s , GFEDCBA
pemberantasan
a k u n ta b ilita s ,d a n g o o d g o v e m a n c e "
.
tindak pidana suap
S ik a p h ip o k rit n e g a ra m a ju s u d a h
te rb u k ti d a la m p e m b e ra n ta s a n tin (bribery) dan tindak
d a k p id a n a s u a p (b rib e ry )d a n tin d a k
pidana pencucian
p id a n a p e n c u c ia n u a n g . K a s u s s u a p
o le h p e ru s a h a a n M o n s a n to (2 0 0 7 )
uang_Kasussuap
d a n p e ru sa h a a n
In n o sp e e (2 0 1 0 ),
oleh perusahaan
b a d a n h u k u m A m e rik a
S e rik a t, d i
In d o n e s ia .
Monsanto (2007)
S is te m h u k u m d ik e d u a n e g a ra
dan perusahaan
te rs e b u t te la h m e n e ra p k a n
s is te m
Innospec(2010),
" in ju n c tio n "
d a la m k a s u s s u a p te rs e b u t s e h in g g a
K PK m enem ui
badan hukum
in ju n c tio n
h a m b a t a n s e r i u s .S i s t e m
Amerika Serikat,
te la h m e w a jib k a n k o rp o ra s i te rs e b u tm e m b a y a rd e n d a a d m in is tra tif
di lndonesia,
g a ra b e rk e m b a n g .
na. Sedangkan
D a la m
(P a s a l3 )
s a n k s i y a n g e fe k tif
in i b u -
k a re n a
s u a s ive ) y a n g te re a n tu m
OECD
s a tu -
e a ra u n tu k m e n a n a m -
l a l u i " s o ft p o w e r "
(Jo se p h
S o ft p o w e r n e g a r a
m a ju d ia ra h k a n
v a tis a s i, d e re g u la s i,
ekonom i
p a n ta s
m a k ro )
d iw a s p a d a i
s e tia p
dengan
ekonom i
uangan
d i d a la m
p ro g ra m
le g is la s i
k e g a g a la n
m eneapai
an bangsa
d a n n e g a ra
dan
k e s e ja h te ra tid a k d ite n -
o le h b a n g s a /n e g a ra
P B B , m e la in k a n
k a n o le h k e p e n tin g a n
la in s e d ite n tu -
bangsa
dan
n e g a ra . S e tia p p ro d u k p e ru n d a n g undangan
dengan
n a s io n a l y a n g b e rk a ita n
k e s e ja h te ra a n
ru s d ik a ji m e n d a la m
a sp e k . ]a n g a n
n o r-m a tif
k u m , m e la in k a n
y a n g te r-
p o s itiv is m e
hu-
h a m s d ilih a t ju g a
k e m a n fa a ta n
u n tu k m e n in g k a tk a n
a n ra k y a t
dengan
ekonom i
te rh a d a p
hukum
ha-
hanya aspek hukum
s e m a ta -m a ta
o b s e s i o le h a lira n
d a ri a sp e k
ra k y a t
d a ri b e rb a g a i
te rb e s a r
k e s e ja h te ra -
konsep
a n a lis is
p e m b e n tu k a n
(u tilita ria n is m e
).
Bu-
T r a n s a c tio n
n a s io n a l d a la m
nyusunan
p ro d u k
n a s io n a l. M u a ra k e b e rh a s ila n
of
K ew aspadaan
sanga t
dan ke-
on
(1 9 9 7 ).
(p ri-
y a n g b e rh u -
bungan
k a lip u n
s in e s s
d a n s ta b ilita s
s e h in g g a
p e ru n d a n g -u n d a n g a n
tu k a n
in In te r n a tio n a l
N y e ]r).
tig a p ila r g lo b a lis a s i
(d is -
d a la m
B r ib e r y
e u e ia n
d ip e rlu k a n
UU
U ang
k a re n a
pePen-
(2 0 1 0 )
tid a k
ada
ja m in a n b a h w a d e le g a s i w e w e n a n g
kepada
le m b a g a
p e n y e d ia a n
ke-
u a n g a n k h u s u s n y a b a n k , u n tu k m e nunda
tra n s a k s i
te rh a d a p
s e la m a
tra n s a k s i
o u t fl o w "
la in .
BA
lim a h a ri
y a n g d ie u rig a i,
tid a k a k a n m e n im b u lk a n
d a ri In d o n e s ia
in i d a p a t
h a m i k a re n a k e le m a h a n
F o r e i g n P u b l i c O ffi c i a l s
m e-
K e k h a w a tira n
( e ffe c -
C o n ve n tio n
C o m b a tin g
k a n p e n g a ru h m e la lu i " h a r d p O w e r '
b u k a n m a s a n y a la g i, m e la in k a n
te -
(p r o p o r tio n a te )
d a n m e m b u a t je ra p e la k u n y a
K ew aspadaan
kepada
p id a -
te rs e b u t
d a rip e n e ra p a n
t i v e ) ,p r o p o r s i o n a l
s a tu n y a
ne-
k o n te k s
p e n u n tu ta n
s is te m
la h " m e n y im p a n g "
k a n m u s ta h il
aspek-
d ilu p a k a n
k ritis m e n e g a ra m a ju te rh a d a p
ta n p a d ila k u k a n
SoftPower
d a n U lle n ).
" c a p ita l
k e n e g a ra
d ip a -
m endasar
d a la m p e n e g a k a n h u k u m d iIn d o n e s ia a d a la h te rle ta k
dan
p a d a k o o rd in a s i
pengaw asan
s e rta
m a s a la h
in te g rita s d is e tia p lin ib iro k ra s id a n
a k tiv ita s
dengan
m e d ia
s w a s ta . P e rs a in g a n
a ta u ta n p a
b is n is
m enggunakan
p e rb a n k a n
bukan
s e s u a tu
y a n g m u s ta h il d i In d o n e s ia
k a re n a
" g o o d c o r p o r a te g o ve m a n c e "
d i In d o -
n e s ia m a s ih ta n d a ta n y a . T e rd a p a t
k e ja n g g a la n
d a la m U U P e n c u c ia n
U a n g (2 0 1 0 ) k a re n a
y a n g m e n g a tu r
n g a n te ro ris m e ,
a d a tig a p a s a l
d a n a b e rk a ita n
sedangkan
de-
" p r e d i-
d a la m U U te rs e b u ts e b a -
c a te o im e '
n y a k d u a p u lu h lim a tin d a k p id a n a .
P e m e rin ta h
b e rik a n
danD PR R I
p e rlu m e m -
p e rta n g g u n g ja w a b a n
p a d a m a sy a ra k a t
tig a p a s a l
ke-
a ta s k e b e ra d a a n
te rs e b u t
d a n a p a re le -
v a n s i n y a b a g i I n d o n e s i a .( * )
ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCB
~
o EDCBA
S e la s a
3
19
2
4
5
6
21
20
O P eb
•
o
_o._ -J u m a t
K a m is
-- o
S a b tu
M in g g u
1~
13
14
15
10
11
8
9
;;';3 24
25
26
28
29
30
@
7
22
OMei
O Apr
O M ar
o
Rabu
O Jun
O Jul
O Ags
.O k t
O Sep
O Nov
31
O D es
Pernberantasan Ke j ahatan Transnasio al
dalamPetaPolitik Global
y a n g m e m ilik i p o s is i s tr a te g is
Hipokrit
d a la m tu r u t m e n c itp ta k a n
K e s e n ja n g a n
k e h id u p a n
s o s ia l
d a n e k o n o m i in ila h y a n g ju g a m e n ja d i k e p r ih a tin a n
S tig litz ( 2 0 0 3 ) ,
s e o r a n g a h li e k o n o m i in te r n a s io n a l, y a n g m e n y a ta k a n
lo b a lis a s i
G
s a a t in i s u d a h
m e ru p a k a n
a n te r s e b u t
k e y a k in a n
h ip o k r it
(d o g m a ) y a n g k u a t b a h w a
k e b e r h a s ila n
n e g a ra
m a ju
te r h a d a p
d e n g a n b e r b a g a i a la s a n , te la h m e n o la k e k s p o r n e g a r a b e r k e m b a n g
b e g itu
k e n e g a r a n y a s e h in g g a n e g a r a b e r -
g lo b a lis a s i
a d a la h
s e ja h te r a a n
I n ti a r a h
m encapai
d u n ia ta n p a
ta n p a a d a p e m b e d a a n
ke-
k e c u a li
u n tu k
la g i n e g a r a
I d e a lis m e y a n g d ita n a m k a n
ja k k o n s e n s u s W a s h in g to n
te la h m a m p u m e n d o r o n g
a n d i s e lu r u h n e g a r a
se-
(1 9 8 0 )
d a n m e n in g -
k e b ija k -
A ta s d a s a r d o g m a te r s e -
b u t s u d a h te r b a y a n g
k e s e ja h te r a -
a n y a n g a d il d a n b e r im b a n g
d a la m
p ro -
p e m b e n tu k a n
p e r-
n a s io n a l d i n e -
d i s a tu
" th e
dan
s is i, d a n
h a ve"
g a ra
b e rk e m b a n g
te r m a s u k
dan
tik a d a n P s ik o tr o p ik a
di
M e n e n ta n g
S e la in
itu ,
b e rb a g a i
in te r n a s io n a l
d a la m b e n tu k
d a la m v e r s i
te r o r is m e ..
D a la m m e n y ik a p i
I M F d a n m e n c a b u t V U K e p a ilita n
w a r is a n
p e m e r in ta h
k o lo n ia l B e -
la n d a . M a k s u d s e s u n g g u h n y a
ada-
k e p a d a p r in s ip k e d a u la ta n
am an dan nyam an
n e s ia b e r u s a h a
k h a w a tir a n
k o n s e n s u s te r s e b u t b u -
in te m a s io n a l te ta p i ju g a d a la m s e k dan
k e a m a n a n s e r ta p e n e g a k a n h u k u m
( k a m tib g a k k u m ) .
N am un
ada ke-
o le h p e n g -
d a la m
tid a k
K K N .K ~ n y a ta a n n y a ,s a n g a ts e d ik it
n a s lc -
d a n b e rk e m b a n g
nedan
d a m p a k y a n g s a n g a t m e m p r ih a tin k a n d i m a n a k e lo m p o k t h e h a v e s e m a k in b e r ta m b a h k a y a
n o ts e m a k in m is k in ,
dan th e h a ve
a s in g y a n g d in y a ta k a n
in ila h
. D i b id a n g k a m tib g a k k u m ,
I n d o n e s ia
p~-
n g a r u h n e g a r a m a ju ju g a tid a k k a la h a g r e s if n y a d e n g a n p e r tim b a n ~ an bahw a
Kliping
se c a ra
g e o p o litik ,
m e ru p a k a n
k ir a n y a
d a n ja ja r a n
n a ls w a s ta .
I n d o n e s ia
B ah-
angka 4
p r in -
D a la m k o n te k s k e r a n g k a p ik ir
d in g k a n d e n g a n p e r u s a h a a n
g a r a m a ju
P B B ( 1 9 4 5 ) B a b I P a s a l2
ik lim in v e s ta s iy a n g s e h a td a n b e b a s
lu h ta h u n , te r b u k ti
k e tim -
in te g -
in te r v e n s i.
s ip n o n - in te r v e n s i te r s e b u t.
d ib a n -
a n ta r a
r i t y ) , d a n p r in s ip
d e n g a n ja r g o n u n tu k m e n c ip ta k a n
p a ilit d e n g a n V U te r s e b u t
te r ja d i
o f s ta te s ), ke-
(te r r ito r ia l
d a n a n g k a 7 te la h d ite g a s k a n
p r a k tik g lo b a lis a s i s e la m a tig a p u k e s e ja h te r a a n
(e q u a lity
n e g a ra
y a itu p r in s ip
m e n g e m u k a a k a n te ta p i d ib u n g k u s
p e ru sa h a a n
pangan
s o ve r e ig n ty)
k a n , d a la m P ia g a m P e m b e n tu k a n
u s a h a p r ib u m i.
M a k s u d in i s u d a h te n tu
k a n h a n y a d i b id a n g p e r d a g a n g a n
to r la in n y a s e p e r ti k e te r tib a n
ta n p a
d ic u r a n g i
sem ua kon-
v e n s i itu s e tia p n e g a r a b e r p e g a n g
n e g a r a b e r k e m b a n g te r m a s u k I n d o la k s a n a k a n
" s o ft
- u n tu k m e n c e g a h d a n m e m b e r a n ta s tin d a k p id a n a te r s e b u t d i a ta s ,
a n k ita k e tik a a w a l r e f o r m a s i 1 9 9 8 ,
te r u ta m a te r h a d a p tin d a k p id a n a
I M F te la h " m e m a k s a k a n " p e m b e r -
s a tu a n te r ito r ia l
m e m a tu h i d a n m e -
(2 0 0 3 ).
in s tr u m e n
la w " te la h d ite ta p k a n o le h D K P B B
k e s e ta r a a n
itu ,
(2 0 0 0 ), d a n
K o n v e n s iP B B A n ti- K o r u p s i
k a n m o d a ln y a d i I n d o n e s ia d e n g a n
p e n c a p a ia n
U ang
T in d ~ k P id a n a T r a n s -
n a s io n a l T e r o r g a n is a s i
(s ta te 's
U n tu k tu ju a n
(1 9 8 8 ); K o n -
( 1 9 9 0 ) ; K o n v e n s i P B B A n ti- T e r o r is -
la h a g a r in v e s to r a s in g m e n a n a m -
" t h e h a v e n o t " d i s is ila in .
yang
s a m p a i s a a t in i
I n d o n e s ia .M a s ih k u a td a la m in g a t-
la k u a n V U K e p a ilita n
a n ta r a
n e g a r a m a ju d a n b e r k e m b a n g
m is k in
m e la lu i b e r b a g a i
u n d a n g -u n d a n g a n
k e m b a n g u n tu k m e n c a p a i c ita - c ita
k e lo m p o k
sedur
in te m a s io n a l
s tr a te g is
m e (1 9 9 7 d a n 1 9 9 8 ); K o n v e n si P B B
P e r ila k u h ip o k r it n e g a r a m a ju
tib g a k k u m
I n s tr u m e r i
b e r s if a t
v e n s i P B B A n ti- P e n c u c ia n
te r m a s u k p e r i-
la k u p e ja b a t p u b lik d i n e g a r a b e r -
a n ta r a
m e m p e r o le h
h a m b a ta n
ju g a te la h m e m a s u k i b id a n g k a m -
kem bang.
n e g a ra
m e n g a la m i
b a ik y a n g te la h d i-
a d o p s i d a n d ir a tif ik a s i n e g a r a a n g -
a d a la h : K o n v e n s i P B B A n ti- N a r k o -
k a tk a n d e v is a k e n e g a r a n y a .
k a y a , m is k in , n e g a r a m a ju d a n b e r -
te r s e b u t.
kem bang
b e r k a ita n
h u k u m p id a n a
g o ta P B B te r m a s u k I n d o n e s ia .
g a r a a k a n b e r im b a s d i n e g a r a la in ,
p u la s e b a lik n y a .
in te m a s io n a l
in te m a s io n a l;
s ik a p
k a m tib -
A s ia - P a s if ik .
S a a t in i s u d a h a d a le b ih d a r i 1 2 8
in s tr u m e n
n e g a r a b e r k e m b a n g . N e g a r a m a ju ,
e k o n o m i d i s a tu n e -
d i w ila y a h
dengan penegakan
k e s e n ja n g -
s e b a g a i a k ib a t
gakkum
n e g a ra
Humas Unpad 2010
,
.
p e m im p in
p e ja b a t
bangsa
b ir o k r a s i
h a r u s m e m p e r la k u k a n
di
k o n v e n s i in te m a s io n a l
K o n s e p a n a lis is e k o n o m i d a la m
p e m b e n tu k a n
n e m p a tk a n n y a
u n d a n g ) b e rtu m p u
k e p e n tin g a n
d i d a la m
k e ra n g k a
bangs a dan
n e g a ra
hukum
(u n d a n g -
p a d a tig a p rin s ip
y a i t u ,m a k s i m a l i s a s i ,k e s e i m b a n g a n
y a n g d ila n d a s k a n
pada U U D 1945
d a n e fis ie n s i
d a n s is te m h u k u m
n a s i o n a l .P e r t i m -
D a la m m e m p e rtim b a n g k a n
bangan
.
s e c a ra p a tu t,
tid a k b e rle b ih a n . M e re k a h a m s m e -
yang
m adai
m e n d a la m
te rh a d a p
dan m e-
k e n y a ta a n
. g a m a n m a sy a ra k a t
k e ra -
In d o n e s ia , b a ik
d a la m a s a l u s u l e tn is , a g a m a , b u d a y a , d a n s tra ta s o s ia l-e k o n o m i, m e ru . pakan
la n g k a h
dan pe-
b ija k s a n a
nuh kew aspadaan
d i d a la m m e n a ta
k e m b a li d a m p a k
(p o s itif d a n n e g a -
tif) d o g m a g lo b a lis a s i
m e m e n g a ru h i
la n g s u n g
yang dapat
la n g s u n g
a ta u tid a k
p e m b e n tu k a n
p e ra tu ra n
p e ru n d a n g a n -u n d a n g a n .
aspek
(C o o te r
te rs e b u t
ja n g a n
a sp e k n o n -h u k u m
y a itu s ik a p h ip o -
Sikap hipokrit
negara maju sudah
in ila h d ip e rlu k a n s tu d i b a n d in g k e
terbukti dalam
n e g a ra -n e g a ra
m a ju p e n g e k s p o r
k o n s e p , " tra n s p a ra n s i,
i n t e g r i t a s , GFEDCBA
pemberantasan
a k u n ta b ilita s ,d a n g o o d g o v e m a n c e "
.
tindak pidana suap
S ik a p h ip o k rit n e g a ra m a ju s u d a h
te rb u k ti d a la m p e m b e ra n ta s a n tin (bribery) dan tindak
d a k p id a n a s u a p (b rib e ry )d a n tin d a k
pidana pencucian
p id a n a p e n c u c ia n u a n g . K a s u s s u a p
o le h p e ru s a h a a n M o n s a n to (2 0 0 7 )
uang_Kasussuap
d a n p e ru sa h a a n
In n o sp e e (2 0 1 0 ),
oleh perusahaan
b a d a n h u k u m A m e rik a
S e rik a t, d i
In d o n e s ia .
Monsanto (2007)
S is te m h u k u m d ik e d u a n e g a ra
dan perusahaan
te rs e b u t te la h m e n e ra p k a n
s is te m
Innospec(2010),
" in ju n c tio n "
d a la m k a s u s s u a p te rs e b u t s e h in g g a
K PK m enem ui
badan hukum
in ju n c tio n
h a m b a t a n s e r i u s .S i s t e m
Amerika Serikat,
te la h m e w a jib k a n k o rp o ra s i te rs e b u tm e m b a y a rd e n d a a d m in is tra tif
di lndonesia,
g a ra b e rk e m b a n g .
na. Sedangkan
D a la m
(P a s a l3 )
s a n k s i y a n g e fe k tif
in i b u -
k a re n a
s u a s ive ) y a n g te re a n tu m
OECD
s a tu -
e a ra u n tu k m e n a n a m -
l a l u i " s o ft p o w e r "
(Jo se p h
S o ft p o w e r n e g a r a
m a ju d ia ra h k a n
v a tis a s i, d e re g u la s i,
ekonom i
p a n ta s
m a k ro )
d iw a s p a d a i
s e tia p
dengan
ekonom i
uangan
d i d a la m
p ro g ra m
le g is la s i
k e g a g a la n
m eneapai
an bangsa
d a n n e g a ra
dan
k e s e ja h te ra tid a k d ite n -
o le h b a n g s a /n e g a ra
P B B , m e la in k a n
k a n o le h k e p e n tin g a n
la in s e d ite n tu -
bangsa
dan
n e g a ra . S e tia p p ro d u k p e ru n d a n g undangan
dengan
n a s io n a l y a n g b e rk a ita n
k e s e ja h te ra a n
ru s d ik a ji m e n d a la m
a sp e k . ]a n g a n
n o r-m a tif
k u m , m e la in k a n
y a n g te r-
p o s itiv is m e
hu-
h a m s d ilih a t ju g a
k e m a n fa a ta n
u n tu k m e n in g k a tk a n
a n ra k y a t
dengan
ekonom i
te rh a d a p
hukum
ha-
hanya aspek hukum
s e m a ta -m a ta
o b s e s i o le h a lira n
d a ri a sp e k
ra k y a t
d a ri b e rb a g a i
te rb e s a r
k e s e ja h te ra -
konsep
a n a lis is
p e m b e n tu k a n
(u tilita ria n is m e
).
Bu-
T r a n s a c tio n
n a s io n a l d a la m
nyusunan
p ro d u k
n a s io n a l. M u a ra k e b e rh a s ila n
of
K ew aspadaan
sanga t
dan ke-
on
(1 9 9 7 ).
(p ri-
y a n g b e rh u -
bungan
k a lip u n
s in e s s
d a n s ta b ilita s
s e h in g g a
p e ru n d a n g -u n d a n g a n
tu k a n
in In te r n a tio n a l
N y e ]r).
tig a p ila r g lo b a lis a s i
(d is -
d a la m
B r ib e r y
e u e ia n
d ip e rlu k a n
UU
U ang
k a re n a
pePen-
(2 0 1 0 )
tid a k
ada
ja m in a n b a h w a d e le g a s i w e w e n a n g
kepada
le m b a g a
p e n y e d ia a n
ke-
u a n g a n k h u s u s n y a b a n k , u n tu k m e nunda
tra n s a k s i
te rh a d a p
s e la m a
tra n s a k s i
o u t fl o w "
la in .
BA
lim a h a ri
y a n g d ie u rig a i,
tid a k a k a n m e n im b u lk a n
d a ri In d o n e s ia
in i d a p a t
h a m i k a re n a k e le m a h a n
F o r e i g n P u b l i c O ffi c i a l s
m e-
K e k h a w a tira n
( e ffe c -
C o n ve n tio n
C o m b a tin g
k a n p e n g a ru h m e la lu i " h a r d p O w e r '
b u k a n m a s a n y a la g i, m e la in k a n
te -
(p r o p o r tio n a te )
d a n m e m b u a t je ra p e la k u n y a
K ew aspadaan
kepada
p id a -
te rs e b u t
d a rip e n e ra p a n
t i v e ) ,p r o p o r s i o n a l
s a tu n y a
ne-
k o n te k s
p e n u n tu ta n
s is te m
la h " m e n y im p a n g "
k a n m u s ta h il
aspek-
d ilu p a k a n
k ritis m e n e g a ra m a ju te rh a d a p
ta n p a d ila k u k a n
SoftPower
d a n U lle n ).
" c a p ita l
k e n e g a ra
d ip a -
m endasar
d a la m p e n e g a k a n h u k u m d iIn d o n e s ia a d a la h te rle ta k
dan
p a d a k o o rd in a s i
pengaw asan
s e rta
m a s a la h
in te g rita s d is e tia p lin ib iro k ra s id a n
a k tiv ita s
dengan
m e d ia
s w a s ta . P e rs a in g a n
a ta u ta n p a
b is n is
m enggunakan
p e rb a n k a n
bukan
s e s u a tu
y a n g m u s ta h il d i In d o n e s ia
k a re n a
" g o o d c o r p o r a te g o ve m a n c e "
d i In d o -
n e s ia m a s ih ta n d a ta n y a . T e rd a p a t
k e ja n g g a la n
d a la m U U P e n c u c ia n
U a n g (2 0 1 0 ) k a re n a
y a n g m e n g a tu r
n g a n te ro ris m e ,
a d a tig a p a s a l
d a n a b e rk a ita n
sedangkan
de-
" p r e d i-
d a la m U U te rs e b u ts e b a -
c a te o im e '
n y a k d u a p u lu h lim a tin d a k p id a n a .
P e m e rin ta h
b e rik a n
danD PR R I
p e rlu m e m -
p e rta n g g u n g ja w a b a n
p a d a m a sy a ra k a t
tig a p a s a l
ke-
a ta s k e b e ra d a a n
te rs e b u t
d a n a p a re le -
v a n s i n y a b a g i I n d o n e s i a .( * )