THE TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF PROPER NAMES IN FANTASY FILM “THE HOBBIT: AN UNEXPECTED JOURNEY” :A Case Study of English – Indonesian Translation:.

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THE TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF PROPER NAMES IN FANTASY FILM “THE HOBBIT: AN UNEXPECTED JOURNEY”

(A Case Study of English – Indonesian Translation)

A Research Paper

Dimas Yulianto (0902563)

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION

INDONESIA UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION 2014

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THE TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF PROPER NAMES IN FANTASY FILM

THE

HOBBIT: AN UNEXPECTED JOURNEY

(A Case Study of English

–

Indonesian Translation)

Oleh

Dimas Yulianto

Sebuah skripsi yang diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar Sarjana Pendidikan pada Fakultas Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

April 2014

Hak Cipta dilindungi undang-undang.

Skripsi ini tidak boleh diperbanyak seluruhya atau sebagian,

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PAGE OF APPROVAL

THE TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF PROPER NAMES IN FANTASY FILM “THE HOBBIT: AN UNEXPECTED JOURNEY”

(A Case Study of English – Indonesian Translation) A Paper by

Dimas Yulianto 0902563 Approved by:

First Supervisor Second Supervisor

Dr. H. Hobir Abdullah, M.Pd. Sri Harto, M.Pd.

NIP: 195202091977021001 NIP: 197205012006041004

Head of Department of English Education The Faculty of Language and Arts Education

Indonesia University of Education

Prof. Dr. H. Didi Suherdi, M.Ed. NIP. 19621101 198712 1 001

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Dimas Yulianto, 2014

The Translation Analysis Of Proper Names in Fantasy Film “The Hobbit = An Unexpected Journey”

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu ABSTRACT

The present research entitled The Translation Analysis of Proper Names in Fantasy Film “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” aims at

discovering types of proper names and analyzing the translation procedures dealing with the proper names in the film. A qualitative descriptive method was employed in the research. In analyzing the data, Leech and Startvik’s classification of proper names (2002), and two concepts of translating procedures by Fernandes (2006) and Newmark (1988) are devised as text analysis frameworks. The result of data analysis shows that there are seven types of proper names discovered, namely personal name (57%), geographical name (30%), language name (1%), calendar item (3%), plural name (1%), name of object (7%), and historical period/event name (1%). The second finding shows that there are five translation procedures applied in translating the proper names: copy (60%), rendition (14%), deletion (1%), couplet (22%), and triplet (3%). By seeing the results it can be concluded that the Indonesian translator, in translating proper names in The Hobbit: An Unexpected

Journey movie, tends to be faithful to the source language.

Keywords: Translation Procedures, Proper Names, Fantasy Film ABSTRAK

Penelitian yang berjudul Analisis Penerjemahan Nama dalam Film Fantasi “The Hobbit: An Unexpexted Journey” ini bertujuan menemukan jenis-jenis nama dan menganalisis prosedur penerjemahan yang dilakukan terhadap nama tersebut dalam film yang telah disebutkan. Metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Dalam menganalisis data, klasifikasi nama yang dikemukakan oleh Leech dan Startvik (2002) dan dua konsep prosedur penerjemahan Fernandes (2006) dan Newmark (1988) digunakan sebagai kerangka analisis teks. Hasil dari analisis data menunjukan ada tujuh jenis nama yang ditemukan, yaitu nama diri (57%), nama tempat (30%), nama bahasa (1%), item kalender (3%), nama jamak (1%), nama objek (7%), dan nama peristiwa sejarah (1%). Adapun temuan kedua memperlihatkan ada lima prosedur penerjemahan yang digunakan dalam menerjemahkan nama-nama tersebut, yaitu copy (60%), rendition (14%), deletion (1%), couplet (22%), dan triplet (3%). Dengan melihat hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerjemah Indonesia, dalam menerjemahkan nama dalam film The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey, cenderung setia atau berorientasi pada bahasa sumber.

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Dimas Yulianto, 2014

The Translation Analysis Of Proper Names in Fantasy Film “The Hobbit = An Unexpected Journey”

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE OF APPROVAL ...

STATEMENT OF AUTHORIZATION ... i

PREFACE ... ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... iii

ABSTRACT ... iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... v

LIST OF TABLES ... viii

LIST OF FIGURES ... viii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ... 1

1.1 Background ... 1

1.2 Statements of Problem ... 3

1.3 Aims of Study ... 3

1.4 The Scope of Study ... 3

1.5 Significance of the Study ... 4

1.6 Clarification of Key Terms ... 4

1.7 Organization of Paper... 5

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ... 6

2.1 Translation ... 6

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Dimas Yulianto, 2014

The Translation Analysis Of Proper Names in Fantasy Film “The Hobbit = An Unexpected Journey”

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2.1.2 Translation Process ... 8

2.1.2.1 Nida’s Translation Process ... 8

2.1.2.2 Newmark’s Translation Process ... 8

2.1.2.3 Translation Process Proposed by Recent Researcher ... 10

2.1.3 Translation Methods ... 10

2.1.4 Translation Procedures ... 14

2.2 Proper Names... 24

2.2.1 Proper Names Definition ... 24

2.2.2 Classification of Proper Names ... 25

2.2.2.1 Proper Names without an Article ... 27

2.2.2.2 Proper Names with the Definite Articles ... 28

2.3 Proper Names in Literary Text ... 29

2.4 Translating Proper Names ... 30

2.5 Previous Studies ... 32

2.6 Concluding Remark ... 33

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 34

3.1 Statements of Problems ... 34

3.2 Aims of Study ... 34

3.3 Research Design... 34

3.4 Object of the Study ... 36

3.5 Data Collection ... 36

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Dimas Yulianto, 2014

The Translation Analysis Of Proper Names in Fantasy Film “The Hobbit = An Unexpected Journey”

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

3.7 Concluding Remark ... 38

CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS ... 39

4.1 Findings of Proper Names ... 39

4.2 Findings of Translation Procedures ... 40

4.3 Discussions of Proper Names and Translation Procedures ... 42

4.3.1 Copy ... 44

4.3.2 Rendition... 49

4.3.3 Deletion ... 53

4.3.4 Couplet... 54

4.3.5 Triplet ... 59

4.4 Concluding Remark ... 60

CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ... 61

Conclusions ... 61

Recommendations ... 63

REFENRENCES ... 64

APPENDIX ... 67

DATA LIST ... 68

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Dimas Yulianto, 2014

The Translation Analysis Of Proper Names in Fantasy Film “The Hobbit = An Unexpected Journey”

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu LIST OF TABLES

Table 4.1 Categories of Proper Name in “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey”

Movie ... 39

Table 4.2 Translation Procedures in Translating Proper Names ... 41

Table 4.3 The Distribution of Proper Names for Each Translation Procedure .. 42

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 Translation Process by Nida (1964) ... 8

Figure 2.2 Types of Translation Method ... 11

Figure 2.3 Classification of proper names by Leech and Svartvik (2002)... 26

Figure 4.1 Proper Names Distribution ... 40

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Dimas Yulianto, 2014

The Translation Analysis Of Proper Names in Fantasy Film “The Hobbit = An Unexpected Journey”

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1Background

Translation has developed throughout the world and may help people to exchange information or messages cross country. Translating theorist, Newmark (1988:5), states that translation is the process of rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text. By the practice of translation, the communication among people cross country has successfully managed without having misunderstanding or misconception. In regard to this, translation products should have a strong coherence with a source language (SL). Baker (1992: 241) states that coherence between a source language and a target language is a network of relations which organizes and creates text.

People do the translating works usually in three major fields, according to the text that was translated, namely literary text, technical text and political text which have been made accessible for a mass audience (Newmark, 1991: 16). Translating literary text requires more skills to meet aesthetic value. Translators should have a good feeling and sensitivity to deal with literary works in order to make a beautiful and natural translation in relation with target language (TL) without omitting or adding the real meaning of the source language (SL). The translators also should have knowledge about the genre of the literary works that he/she is working in. Moreover, he/she also should know the author’s background because it may influence the style of story and other aspects in the literary works.

One of the most popular literary works is children’s literature or juvenile literature. As the name suggests, it is a special kind of literary work offered for children. Children’s literature is available in the form of stories, books, poems, and even now films (Chevalier, 1989). In this modern era, there is a huge numbers of children’s literature distributed from one to other countries and

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Dimas Yulianto, 2014

The Translation Analysis Of Proper Names in Fantasy Film “The Hobbit = An Unexpected Journey”

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translated in different languages. Due to the vast number of distribution, children’s literature has risen plenty of attentions and critics from many sides.

One issue that has lifted up many translators and researchers’ interests in the translating literary works is translating proper names in children’s literature. Why the proper names, also called proper nouns or names, looks interesting to be scrutinized is because they can determine the setting, social status, nationality and even carry out the characterization of a person or a place (Kalashnikov, 2006). In regard to the translation, to translate proper name is not so simple. The translators mostly face a complicated case while they are translating proper names in fantasy literature since proper name usually has various allusions indicating gender, age, geographical terms, history, specific meaning, playfulness of language and cultural connotations (Kalashnikov, 2006).

The study of translating proper names in children’s literature has been conducted by many researchers, namely Yvonne Bertills (2003), Christiane Nord (2003), Alexander Kalashnikov (2006), and Evelina Jaleniauskienė and Vilma Čičelytė (2009). Their studies mostly discover meaning behind the proper names and translation procedures dealt with certain proper names, in the case of translation English into the aforementioned researcher’s language, or vice versa.

However, in Indonesia, the study of translating proper names does not seem interesting for most of the Indonesian researchers or translators, although there are so many children’s literatures distributed to this country at the same time. So far, it is quite difficult to find any research papers, articles, or journals of proper names translation conducted by Indonesian researchers. This fact motivates the writer to conduct a research in the topic of translating proper names in children’s literature.

For the purpose of current research, the writer has observed a lot of children’s literature. One of the popular children’s literatures is the fantasy film entitled “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey”. This film is interesting for the

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Dimas Yulianto, 2014

The Translation Analysis Of Proper Names in Fantasy Film “The Hobbit = An Unexpected Journey”

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

writer because there are more than one hundred different proper names within and is adapted from the popular British children’s literature (1937) with the same title.

1.2Statements of Problems

The research will be led by the following statement of problem:

1. What types of proper names are found in “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” movie.

2. What translation procedures are used by the translator in translating proper name in “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” movie.

1.3Aims of Study

In accordance with the statement of problem above, this research is aimed at discovering:

1. Types of proper name found in “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” movie.

2. Translation procedures used by the translator in translating proper name in “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” movie.

1.4The Scope of Study

The research focuses on analysis of translation procedures used by the translator in translating proper names in fantasy film “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” movie. Since the film is a kind of children’s literature, the current research is focused on translating proper names in children literature. According to the problems stated, the main units that will be the object of the study are proper names found in the movie, which will be investigated descriptively by using classification of proper name proposed by Leech and Svartvik (2002:

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The Translation Analysis Of Proper Names in Fantasy Film “The Hobbit = An Unexpected Journey”

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259) and some additional relevant proper names from grammar.youdictionary.com. And to deal with second problem, the researcher will use the synthesized concept of translation procedures by Fernandes (2006) and Newmark’s (1988) in classifying and analyzing the translation of proper name thoroughly.

The object of study itself is the fantasy film that belongs to the children literature Because there are so many versions of the movie, the researcher will pick up one sample movie from the original DVD to maintain the legality of the film and its translation script. The film script (English or SL text) is acquired from the site www.projectcasting.com and the translated version (Indonesian or TL text) is obtained from the subtitle of the movie itself.

1.5Significance of the Study

It is expected that the research would give positive results for at least three aspects. The first aspect is theoretical significance, which means that the present research is expected to enrich the findings of previous research and to introduce a set of additional procedures of translation to deal with particular unit of translation, in instance proper names. The second aspect is practical significance, which is intended to make the students of translation studies think critically and encouraged to comment about the little yet important things related to any units of translation like proper names. The last aspect is professional significance which is meant to provide new inputs and ideas for professional translators in translating small unit of language like proper names and to raise the less concerned issues of translation like translating proper names (at least for most Indonesians) in the case study of English-Indonesian translation.

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Dimas Yulianto, 2014

The Translation Analysis Of Proper Names in Fantasy Film “The Hobbit = An Unexpected Journey”

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a. Fantasy film is one kind of film genre that brings the audience to netherworld, fairty-tale places where events are unlikely to occur in real life (American Movie Classics Company LLC, 2013).

b. Proper name is the name for an individual person, place, or organization having an initial capital letter (The Oxford Concise English Dictionary, 2001: 1146)

c. Translation is defined as rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text (Newmark, 1988: 5). d. Translation procedures are a set of tools of textual analysis that represents a

process of searching for notable semantic and formal relations arising between the original and the target text (Gibova, 2012: 28).

1.7 Organization of Paper

This research paper is generally divided into five chapters. Chapter I describes an introduction. This chapter briefly presents the content of paper to the readers which are covering background of the study, statement of problem, aims of the study, the scope of the study, significance of the study, clarification of key terms, and organization of the paper.

Chapter II presents the literature review. It consists of detailed theories which are related to the study. The literature review will be covering all about translation, proper names, proper names in literary text, translating proper names and the previous researches.

Chapter III explains the research methodology. This part covers research design, object of the study, data collection, and data analysis.

Chapter IV analyzes findings and discussions. It explores the findings and discussions of data gained from analysis of proper names in SL text and TL text.

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Dimas Yulianto, 2014

The Translation Analysis Of Proper Names in Fantasy Film “The Hobbit = An Unexpected Journey”

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the methodology of the research in details. It describes the research the research method that is used to achieve the goals of the study and review the research stages. The chapter is divided into: research questions, aims of the study, research method, research subject, the technique and instrument used in collecting the data, and the technique of analyzing the data.

3.1 Statements of Problems

As stated in previous chapter, the research is led by the statements of problems as follow:

1. What types of proper names are found in “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” movie.

2. What translation procedures are used by the translator in translating proper name in “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” movie.

3.2 Aims of Study

In accordance with the statements of problems above, the aims of study were generated as follow:

1. The types of proper names found in “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” movie.

2. The translation procedures used by the translator in translating proper name in “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” movie.

3.3Research Design

Considering the research question in chapter one, the researcher would conduct the research by using qualitative research method. Sugiyono (2013) says

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The Translation Analysis Of Proper Names in Fantasy Film “The Hobbit = An Unexpected Journey”

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that the qualitative method is focused on natural object, the main instrument is the researcher, the data are inductive, and the result focuses on the meaning rather than generalization. Qualitative method investigates the quality of relationship, activities, situations or materials. Preissle and Ratcliff (2002, in Turmuzi, 2011: 46) defines the qualitative study as:

A loosely defined category of research designs or model, all of which elicit verbal, tactile, olfactory, and gustatory data in the form of descriptive narrative like notes, recordings, or other transcriptions from audio and videotapes and other written record and pictures or film (Preissle and Ratcliff, 2002; in Turmuzi, 2011: 46).

According to Preissle and Ratcliff’s postulate above, it is obvious that the written record or transcription of film can be utilized as the object of qualitative research in the present study.

To support the qualitative approach, the descriptive and the textual comparison of translation would be bounded in this research. Gay (1987) says that a descriptive method is a method of research that involves collecting the data in order to test hypotheses or to answer questions concerning the current status of the subject of the study. It discovers and tells the way things are that means when using such method, the data are investigated as they are without controlling or giving any treatments and variables.

According to William and Chesterman (2002), the textual comparison of translation is a part of the analysis of translated text which focuses on analyzing comparison of the translation in the original (SL) and the translated one (TL). Furthermore, it cannot deal with every possible aspect of the text (Willliam and Chesterman, 2002). The textual comparison is also a part of qualitative research method. In line with this, Fraenkel and Wallen (1993) state that qualitative research is a research that probes the relationship quality, activity, situation or material. Qualitative method tends to use description and categories of word, say, open ended interviews, naturalistic observation, and document analysis.

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The Translation Analysis Of Proper Names in Fantasy Film “The Hobbit = An Unexpected Journey”

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The data collected then were classified and discussed as objectively as possible in this research. They were analyzed based on the theories explained in chapter two. The analysis of data calculated the amount of proper names in the translated version of “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” and kinds of translation procedure used in translating its proper names.

3.4Object of the Study

Among the numbers of children’s literature, the writer selects a fantasy film “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” as a sample since it contains a lot of proper names. There are 102 proper names which are all to be sampled. In acquiring the film, the writer purchases it by online shopping in the form of original DVD. The DVD prices Rp 132.000,- and has STLS no: 413/DVD/R/PA/01.2018.2013 with censor date: 14/03/2013. The proper names within the subtitle text in the original version of the film are chosen because they have an original and good quality translation which can make the investigation easier.

Regarding to the film, “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” has become an interesting movie and quite popular in 2012. It can be seen that the movie has reached score 8 of 10, which means a high rating in universal site of movie: www.imdb.com. “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” has been nominated in a lot of awards as well, notably Empire Award, MTV Movie Award, and VES Award in the categories: the best actor, the best science-fiction/fantasy, the best hero and outstanding virtual cinematography. Above all, this film is adapted from a fantasy classical children's book by English author J. R. R. Tolkien. It was published firstly on 21 September 1937 to wide critical acclaim, being nominated for the Carnegie Medal and awarded a prize from the New York Herald Tribune for best juvenile fiction at the time. The book remains popular and is recognized as a classic in children's literature.

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Dimas Yulianto, 2014

The Translation Analysis Of Proper Names in Fantasy Film “The Hobbit = An Unexpected Journey”

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu 3.5 Data Collection

In conducting the research, the writer would collect the data through 3 stages, including:

1. The researcher observed the sample by watching the original DVD of “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” movie.

2. The researcher found and listed all the proper names in “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” movie. In this step, the researcher counted all of the proper names and selected 102 proper names to be analyzed.

3. The researcher acquired the original movie transcription as the source language (SL) text from internet and obtained the Indonesian subtitle as the target language (TL) text by extracting the subtitle within the movie using a tool Subtitle Edit. In this step, the researcher also determined the translation procedures dealing with the pertinent proper names.

3.6 Data Analysis

After collecting the data, the researcher carried out the following steps to analyze the data:

1. To help the writer comprehend the findings, the data were presented by using a visual aid like a table (Emilia, 2009: 205). The table below presents the general finding containing the SL and TL text, the types of proper name, and the translation procedure.

No. SL text TL text Types of

proper name

Translation Procedures 1. Smaug had come. Smaug Personal name Copy

2. We could make for the Hidden Valley.

Kita bisa menuju ke Lembah Tersembunyi.

Geographical name

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Dimas Yulianto, 2014

The Translation Analysis Of Proper Names in Fantasy Film “The Hobbit = An Unexpected Journey”

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2. Arranging the proper name in SL text and TL text dialogue-by-dialogue in matrixes. This following example would describe this step clearly.

Example:

SL text TL text

The Lonely Mountain Gunung Sunyi

3. Continuing from the first step above, the next was finding out the types of proper names according to the classification of proper names by Leech and Startvik and your.dictionary.com. In this step, the translation procedures were also identified.

Example:

No. SL Text TL Text Types of

Proper Names

Translation Procedures 1. The Lonely

Mountain Gunung Sunyi

Geographical

Name Rendition

4. Counting numeric data using simple scaling for film subtitle strategy to determine the percentage.

P = �

�× 100%

P = percentage F = Frequency of translation procedures N = overall number of proper names

5. Discussing all of data to draw a conclusion.

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The Translation Analysis Of Proper Names in Fantasy Film “The Hobbit = An Unexpected Journey”

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This chapter has presented the research methodology covering statements of problems, aims of study, research design, object of the study, data collection and data analysis. The research was focused on discovering translations procedures and types of proper names in the selected object. After analyzing the chosen data, the researcher made conclusions based on the results of the research that will be elucidated in the next chapter, findings and discussions.

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Dimas Yulianto, 2014

The Translation Analysis Of Proper Names in Fantasy Film “The Hobbit = An Unexpected Journey”

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

In this final chapter, there will be detailed conclusions based on findings and discussions elucidated in the previous chapter and recommendations for further studies and for individuals and institutions interconnected with the present study.

5.1 Conclusions

This paper reports the results of a study of translating proper names in fantasy film “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” in the case of translating from English into Indonesian. Regarding to the aim of the study, the study sought the types of proper name in the movie, and tried to find out the translation procedures used in translating the proper names.

The first aim of the study is reached by the result that showed seven types of proper name. It has been discovered that the proper names in the film “The

Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” were, respectively from the highest to the

lowest quantity and percentage: personal name (58 items or 57%), geographical name (31 items or 30%), name of object (7 items or 7%), and calendar item (3 items or 3%). Language name, historical period/event name, and plural name had the same amount of data quantity and percentage, each of them has 1 item and cover 1% of the total proper names. This data show that the most frequent proper name appearing was personal name, and the rarest were language name, historical period/event name and plural name.

Meanwhile, the second aim of the study is also accomplished by the result of five types of translation procedures employed by the translator in translating the seven proper names. The procedures was ordered respectively from the highest to the lowest quantity and percentage of the usage, copy (61 items or 60%), couplet (23 items or 22%), rendition (14 items or 14%), triplet (3 items or

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The Translation Analysis Of Proper Names in Fantasy Film “The Hobbit = An Unexpected Journey”

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3%), and deletion (1 item or 1%). According to this result, it could be said that the most frequent translation procedure applied was copy and the least use of the procedure was deletion.

By seeing the results above, although copy was often used, the use of this procedure was limited only in treating three kinds of proper names, among of them was personal name that is also the first rank in taking a large amounts of items from overall proper names. Meanwhile, the categories of proper name were more various when they are translated through couplet, even though couplet treats proper names almost three times less in quantity than the copy procedure. It is also proved that the frequency of certain translation procedure used does not always ensure the variations of proper name. In terms of the quantity of the procedures used, they are ordered respectively from the most frequent: copy, couplet, rendition, triplet, and deletion. But if they are sorted according to the most various proper names to deal with, they will be couplet, rendition, copy, triplet, and deletion.

Since copy is the most common procedure, and personal names are the most common proper names found in the movie “The Hobbit: An Unexpected

Journey”, it reveals implicitly that the Indonesian translator in this case tended to

be source language oriented or faithful in his translation. It can be seen that the use of copy procedure was frequently employed in translating certain kinds of proper names, such as personal names, geographical names and object names, even though there are other procedures that possibly more suitable to render such names into Indonesian, for example conventionality, which can adapt a western name into a more Indonesian name (e.g. Daisy – Desi).

Meanwhile, a single Fernandes‟s term of translation procedure is not

always able to deal with one proper name. In some cases, a combination of two or more Fernandes‟s procedures is needed to treat a single proper name. The typical proper names usually found in this problem are, for example „Smaug the

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The Translation Analysis Of Proper Names in Fantasy Film “The Hobbit = An Unexpected Journey”

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Terrible„, „Durin‟s Day‟, „Saruman the White‟, etc. which are formed by the translatable lexis (proper names formed from common nouns) and untranslatable lexis (usually personal name). To deal with the aforementioned names, the combinations of procedures are needed, for example: copy – rendition and addition – copy – rendition. Then, to be more practical, Newmark‟s terms „couplet‟ and „triplet‟ are utilized to cover those Fernandes‟s combinations of procedures.

5.2 Recommendations

of children‟s literature, it is strongly advised that the translators need to look for

the additional information relating to the proper names that are going to be translated, since proper names are rather tricky, even in the stage of identifying and distinguishing proper names from common nouns in which it occurs before the translators carry out the translation.

Second, one set of supplementary concept of translation procedures proposed by other theorists should be used if it is found that the main procedures cannot explain certain problem of translating proper names.

Third, regarding to the education significance, it is advised that the subject of translating proper names are included in translating course, since it may enrich

the students‟ knowledge of translating any kinds of small units of language like

proper names, and know how to translate the proper names by using various terms of translation procedures proposed by some translating theorists, such as Newmark, Vinay and Darbelnet, and Fernandes.

Above all, the writer realizes that the results of present research cannot be generalized to the other conditions. The results may prevail in the context of

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The Translation Analysis Of Proper Names in Fantasy Film “The Hobbit = An Unexpected Journey”

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children‟s literature that has been mentioned in the scope of study in chapter one, but other contexts do not so.

There are also a lot of matters left in this research that possibly has not been discovered, such as the combination of two or more translation procedures in translating one name and the inconsistency of using translation procedures. Hopefully the next researchers or the writer himself will be interested in answering such issues in the further study.

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Dimas Yulianto, 2014

The Translation Analysis Of Proper Names in Fantasy Film “The Hobbit = An Unexpected Journey”

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu REFERENCES

As-Safi, Abdul B. (2011). Translation Theories, Strategies and Basic Theoretical

Issues. Petra University.

Baker, M. (1992). In Other Words: A course Book on Translation. London: Routledge.

Bertills, Yvonne. (2003). Beyond Identification: Proper Names in Children’s

Literature. Finland: Abo Akademi University Press.

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5.2 Recommendations

In this final section, the writer would like to give some recommendations for the readers, the students of translation study, the translators or people who are interested in translation. First, in translating proper names, especially in the matter of children‟s literature, it is strongly advised that the translators need to look for the additional information relating to the proper names that are going to be translated, since proper names are rather tricky, even in the stage of identifying and distinguishing proper names from common nouns in which it occurs before the translators carry out the translation.

Third, regarding to the education significance, it is advised that the subject of translating proper names are included in translating course, since it may enrich the students‟ knowledge of translating any kinds of small units of language like proper names, and know how to translate the proper names by using various terms of translation procedures proposed by some translating theorists, such as Newmark, Vinay and Darbelnet, and Fernandes.