Institutional Repository | Satya Wacana Christian University: Politeness Strategy and Power in an Organization : Orders/ Requests From The Superior to the Subordinates
POLITENESS STRATEGY AND POWER IN AN
ORGANIZATION: ORDERS/REQUESTS FROM THE
SUPERIOR TO THE SUBORDINATES
THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Pendidikan
Titania Tabita Oktriana
112010088
ENGLISH TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAM
FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
SATYA WACANA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
SALATIGA
2014
POLITENESS STRATEGY AND POWER IN AN
ORGANIZATION: ORDERS/REQUESTS FROM THE
SUPERIOR TO THE SUBORDINATES
THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Pendidikan
Titania Tabita Oktriana
112010088
ENGLISH TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAM
FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
SATYA WACANA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
SALATIGA
2014
i
POLITENESS STRATEGY AND POWER IN AN
ORGANIZATION: ORDERS/REQUESTS FROM
THE SUPERIOR TO THE SUBORDINATES
THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Pendidikan
Titania Tabita Oktriana
112010088
Approved by:
Christian Rudianto, S. Pd., M. App. Ling.
Supervisor
Dr. Elisabet Titik Murtisari, S.Pd., MTransStud
Examiner
ii
COPYRIGHT STATEMENT
This thesis contains no such material as has been submitted for examination in any course
or accepted for the fulfillment of any degree or diploma in any university. To the best of
my knowledge and my belief, this contains no material previously published or written by
any other person except where due reference is made in the text.
Copyright@ 2014. Titania Tabita Oktriana and Christian Rudianto, S. Pd., M. App. Ling.
All rights reserved. No part of this thesis may be reproduced by any means without the
permission of at least one of the copyright owners or the English Teacher Education
Program, Faculty of Language and Literature, Satya Wacana Christian University,
Salatiga.
Titania Tabita Oktriana
iii
PUBLICATION AGREEMENT DECLARATION
As a member of the (SWCU) Satya Wacana Christian University academic community, I
verify that:
Name
: Titania Tabita Oktriana
Student ID Number
: 112010088
Study Program
: English Teacher Education Program
Faculty
: Faculty of Language and Literature
Kind of work
: Undergraduate Thesis
In developing my knowledge, I agree to provide SWCU with a non-exclusive royalty free
right for my intellectual property and the contents therein entitled:
Politeness Strategy and Power in an Organization: Orders/Requests from the Superior
to the Subordinate
along with any pertinent equipment.
With this non-exclusive royalty free right, SWCU maintains the right to copy, reproduce,
print, publish, post, display, incorporate, store in or scan into a retrieval system or database,
transmit, broadcast, barter or sell my intellectual property, in whole or in part without my
express written permission, as long as my name is still included as the writer.
This declaration is made according to the best of my knowledge.
Made in
: Salatiga
Date
: 9 Juni 2014
Verified by signee,
Titania Tabita Oktriana
Approved by
Thesis Supervisor
Christian Rudianto, S. Pd., M. App. Ling.
Thesis Examiner
Dr. Elisabet Titik Murtisari, S.Pd., MTransStud
iv
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER ............................................................................................................ i
Approval Page .................................................................................................. ii
Copyright Statement ........................................................................................ iii
Publication Agreement of Publication ............................................................. iv
Table of Content ............................................................................................... v
List of Tables.................................................................................................... vii
List of Diagram ................................................................................................ viii
THESIS BODY
Abstract ..................................................................................................... 1
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 1
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Power ........................................................................................................ 6
Politeness Strategy .................................................................................... 7
Power and Politeness Strategy .................................................................. 12
Age Differences ........................................................................................ 13
THE STUDY
Context of the Study ................................................................................. 14
Method of Research .................................................................................. 15
Participants ................................................................................................ 15
Instrument & Data Collection ................................................................... 17
Data Analysis ............................................................................................ 18
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ..................................................................... 19
v
Politeness Strategy Used by the Superior of PHMJ GPIB Tamansari Salatiga
................................................................................................................... 19
Positive Politeness by the Superior of PHMJ GPIB Tamansari Salatiga .
................................................................................................................... 21
CONCLUSION ................................................................................................ 26
Acknowledgement............................................................................................ 29
REFERENCES................................................................................................. 30
APPENDIXES ................................................................................................. 32
vi
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. List of the Administration of PHMJ GPIB Tamansari Salatiga ........
16
Table 2. Politeness Strategy Used by the Superior of PHMJ GPIB Tamansari in
Giving Orders to the Subordinates ...................................................................
20
Table 3. Positive Politeness Used by the Superior of PHMJ GPIB Tamansari in
Giving Orders to the Subordinates ..................................................................
vii
22
LIST OF DIAGRAM
Diagram 1.1 Flowcharts of Politeness Strategies and Tactics Ordered Against
Estimated Threat to Face by Morand (1996). Adapted from Brown and
Levinson 1987
.............................................................................
viii
8
POLITENESS STRATEGY AND POWER IN AN
ORGANIZATION: ORDERS/REQUESTS FROM THE
SUPERIOR TO THE SUBORDINATE
Titania Tabita Oktriana
Abstract
This study is about the use of politeness strategy in an organization in the
context of giving orders and making requests from the superior to the subordinate.
Different ages between the superior and the subordinate will be the focus case of
this study, which is when the superior is younger than the subordinate. Because
the superior has organizational power and the subordinates have social power. In
Indonesia itself, age difference is important in the society, because social norms in
Indonesia regulates the society to always respect the elder people.
This study aims to analyze whether there is politeness strategy used by the
superior or not and the type of politeness if there is any. The study had been done
in a religious organization, PHMJ GPIB Tamansari Salatiga. By recording three
weekly meetings, it is found out that the superior (head chief) used politeness
strategies while giving orders or asking requests to the subordinates. The indicator
is adapted from Brown and Levinson (1987) to indicate the politeness strategy
used by the superior. The strategy used by the superior is positive politeness and it
is assumed that the superior want to have a good interpersonal relationship with
the subordinates. Then, the result proved that the superior tend to pay attention
more to the society power rather than keep her organization power.
Key words: Politeness strategy, Order/request, Superior, Subordinate, Power
ORGANIZATION: ORDERS/REQUESTS FROM THE
SUPERIOR TO THE SUBORDINATES
THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Pendidikan
Titania Tabita Oktriana
112010088
ENGLISH TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAM
FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
SATYA WACANA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
SALATIGA
2014
POLITENESS STRATEGY AND POWER IN AN
ORGANIZATION: ORDERS/REQUESTS FROM THE
SUPERIOR TO THE SUBORDINATES
THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Pendidikan
Titania Tabita Oktriana
112010088
ENGLISH TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAM
FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
SATYA WACANA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
SALATIGA
2014
i
POLITENESS STRATEGY AND POWER IN AN
ORGANIZATION: ORDERS/REQUESTS FROM
THE SUPERIOR TO THE SUBORDINATES
THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Pendidikan
Titania Tabita Oktriana
112010088
Approved by:
Christian Rudianto, S. Pd., M. App. Ling.
Supervisor
Dr. Elisabet Titik Murtisari, S.Pd., MTransStud
Examiner
ii
COPYRIGHT STATEMENT
This thesis contains no such material as has been submitted for examination in any course
or accepted for the fulfillment of any degree or diploma in any university. To the best of
my knowledge and my belief, this contains no material previously published or written by
any other person except where due reference is made in the text.
Copyright@ 2014. Titania Tabita Oktriana and Christian Rudianto, S. Pd., M. App. Ling.
All rights reserved. No part of this thesis may be reproduced by any means without the
permission of at least one of the copyright owners or the English Teacher Education
Program, Faculty of Language and Literature, Satya Wacana Christian University,
Salatiga.
Titania Tabita Oktriana
iii
PUBLICATION AGREEMENT DECLARATION
As a member of the (SWCU) Satya Wacana Christian University academic community, I
verify that:
Name
: Titania Tabita Oktriana
Student ID Number
: 112010088
Study Program
: English Teacher Education Program
Faculty
: Faculty of Language and Literature
Kind of work
: Undergraduate Thesis
In developing my knowledge, I agree to provide SWCU with a non-exclusive royalty free
right for my intellectual property and the contents therein entitled:
Politeness Strategy and Power in an Organization: Orders/Requests from the Superior
to the Subordinate
along with any pertinent equipment.
With this non-exclusive royalty free right, SWCU maintains the right to copy, reproduce,
print, publish, post, display, incorporate, store in or scan into a retrieval system or database,
transmit, broadcast, barter or sell my intellectual property, in whole or in part without my
express written permission, as long as my name is still included as the writer.
This declaration is made according to the best of my knowledge.
Made in
: Salatiga
Date
: 9 Juni 2014
Verified by signee,
Titania Tabita Oktriana
Approved by
Thesis Supervisor
Christian Rudianto, S. Pd., M. App. Ling.
Thesis Examiner
Dr. Elisabet Titik Murtisari, S.Pd., MTransStud
iv
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER ............................................................................................................ i
Approval Page .................................................................................................. ii
Copyright Statement ........................................................................................ iii
Publication Agreement of Publication ............................................................. iv
Table of Content ............................................................................................... v
List of Tables.................................................................................................... vii
List of Diagram ................................................................................................ viii
THESIS BODY
Abstract ..................................................................................................... 1
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 1
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Power ........................................................................................................ 6
Politeness Strategy .................................................................................... 7
Power and Politeness Strategy .................................................................. 12
Age Differences ........................................................................................ 13
THE STUDY
Context of the Study ................................................................................. 14
Method of Research .................................................................................. 15
Participants ................................................................................................ 15
Instrument & Data Collection ................................................................... 17
Data Analysis ............................................................................................ 18
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ..................................................................... 19
v
Politeness Strategy Used by the Superior of PHMJ GPIB Tamansari Salatiga
................................................................................................................... 19
Positive Politeness by the Superior of PHMJ GPIB Tamansari Salatiga .
................................................................................................................... 21
CONCLUSION ................................................................................................ 26
Acknowledgement............................................................................................ 29
REFERENCES................................................................................................. 30
APPENDIXES ................................................................................................. 32
vi
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. List of the Administration of PHMJ GPIB Tamansari Salatiga ........
16
Table 2. Politeness Strategy Used by the Superior of PHMJ GPIB Tamansari in
Giving Orders to the Subordinates ...................................................................
20
Table 3. Positive Politeness Used by the Superior of PHMJ GPIB Tamansari in
Giving Orders to the Subordinates ..................................................................
vii
22
LIST OF DIAGRAM
Diagram 1.1 Flowcharts of Politeness Strategies and Tactics Ordered Against
Estimated Threat to Face by Morand (1996). Adapted from Brown and
Levinson 1987
.............................................................................
viii
8
POLITENESS STRATEGY AND POWER IN AN
ORGANIZATION: ORDERS/REQUESTS FROM THE
SUPERIOR TO THE SUBORDINATE
Titania Tabita Oktriana
Abstract
This study is about the use of politeness strategy in an organization in the
context of giving orders and making requests from the superior to the subordinate.
Different ages between the superior and the subordinate will be the focus case of
this study, which is when the superior is younger than the subordinate. Because
the superior has organizational power and the subordinates have social power. In
Indonesia itself, age difference is important in the society, because social norms in
Indonesia regulates the society to always respect the elder people.
This study aims to analyze whether there is politeness strategy used by the
superior or not and the type of politeness if there is any. The study had been done
in a religious organization, PHMJ GPIB Tamansari Salatiga. By recording three
weekly meetings, it is found out that the superior (head chief) used politeness
strategies while giving orders or asking requests to the subordinates. The indicator
is adapted from Brown and Levinson (1987) to indicate the politeness strategy
used by the superior. The strategy used by the superior is positive politeness and it
is assumed that the superior want to have a good interpersonal relationship with
the subordinates. Then, the result proved that the superior tend to pay attention
more to the society power rather than keep her organization power.
Key words: Politeness strategy, Order/request, Superior, Subordinate, Power