THE ILLOCUTIONARY ACT IN SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO TWEET IN TWITTER.

THE ILLOCUTIONARY ACT IN SUSILO BAMBANG
YUDHOYONO TWEET IN TWITTER

A THESIS
Submitted to the English Department of UNIMED Medan
In Partial as Fulfillment of the Requirement for
The Degree of Sarjana Sastra

BY

BOEDIMAN HM SITOHANG
Registration Number 2103220008

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2014

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thanks God for His blessing, mercy, and guidance in giving the writer full
strength and patience to complete this thesis. This thesis is aimed to fulfill one of

the requirements to obtain the S1 degree of Sarjana Sastra at English Department
in Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
In accomplishing this thesis, the writer has been helped by a lot of beloved
people especially for the loyal supporters. Therefore, the writer would like to
express her sincere and greatest gratitude to:


Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si., the Rector of State University of
Medan.



Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and
Arts.



Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English Department,and as
Academic Adviser. Rika S.Pd, M.Hum., Secretary of English
Department, Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the Head of English Literature

Department, and Dra. Masitowarni, M.Ed., the Head of English
Education Department.



Drs. Lidiman Sahat Martua Sinaga, M.Hum, his Thesis Adviser.



All beloved lecturers in English and Literature Department who advised
and guided the writer during academic years.



Mam Eis for her kind help in providing academic administrations to the
writer.



The best family of the author, his beloved Mom, Mrs. Derliana Silaban,

his beloved Dad,Mr. Junghas Sitohang, his sisters Ronauli Sitohang,
Herlina Sitohang, and Novita Sitohang and his brother Baringin
Sitohang and

Bernades Sitohang, for their endless love, support,

encouragement, motivation, prayers,and laughter shared during the
writer’s life. He loves them so much. Also his great family for the support
during the completion of this thesis.

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

The writer`s best colleagues : for the friendship, love, helps, laugh and
tears, and for all the sweet and happy memories shared. And all the rebels
of ELITE (English Literature) A and B 2010 : Feri, Quin , Oki, Audra
Adrian, David, Fathur, Afdi, Leo, Jaka, Johanri, Pulungan,
Hatoropan for all the togetherness in fun futsal and unforgotten
memories.



All Students of English Department in Applied Linguistics A and B
Reg’10, that could not be mentioned one by one. Thanks for their support,
info, assistance, and best moment ever during the academic years.



All friends in HIMAPA (Himpunan Mahasiswa Pakkat ) for the support
and cares.



Everyone who has been involved directly or indirectly in the writing of
this thesis that cannot be mentioned one by one, and thanks for all the
memories that the writer got during his study at his beloved campus.
Thank you very much. God bless you all..

Without their deep and sympathetic understanding, this thesis could not

complete, may all the assistance can be their charity.

Medan, July 2014
The writer,

Boediman HM Sitohang
Reg. Number: 210 322 0008

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ABSTRACT
Boediman HM Sitohang. 2014. The Illocutionary Act in Susilo Bambang
Yudhoyono Tweet in Twitter. A Thesis. Faculty of Languages and Arts.
State University of Medan.
This research focused on illocutionary act used in Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
tweet in twitter. The research was conducted by using qualitative research method.
The data was collected from the twitter account of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.
The findings of the thesis show that there are 191 occurrences of illocutionary act
which classified into five types of illocutionary act. They are declarative (5),
representative (112), expressive (36), directive (32), and commissive (6). The

most dominant type of illocutionary act that used in Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
Tweet in Twitter is representative with 58,63%. The Implication is Susilo
Bambang Yudhoyono dominantly tweet a statement such as describes, reports,
inform and claims. He wants to let people know all his activity by his twitter.
Beside that he makes statements which he assume is true and hope that his
follower would be affected.
Keyword: Illocutionary Act, Tweet, Twitter.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................... ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................. iv
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................ vi
LIST OF APPENDICES .................................................................................. vii

Page
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

A. The Background of the Study ..................................................
B. The Problem of the Study ........................................................
C. The Objective of the Study ......................................................
D. The Scope of the Study ............................................................
E. The Significance of the Study ..................................................

1
4
5
6
6

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A. Theoretical Framework ............................................................ 7
1. Pragmatic .............................................................................. 7
a. Speech Acts ..................................................................... 11
b. Type of Speect act ............................................................ 13
1. Locutionary act ............................................................... 13
2. Illocutionary act .............................................................. 13
3. Perlocutionary act .......................................................... 14

c. Type of Illocutionary act .................................................. 15
1. Declarative...................................................................... 15
2. Representative ................................................................ 15
3. Exp ressive ..................................................................... 16
4. Directive ......................................................................... 16
5. Commissive .................................................................... 16
d. The Implication of the dominant type of illocutionary acts17
1. Declarative...................................................................... 17
2. Representative ................................................................ 17
3. Expressive ...................................................................... 17
4. Directive ......................................................................... 17
5. Commissive .................................................................... 18
e. Social Media .................................................................... 18

iv

1. Facebook .........................................................................
2. Youtube ...........................................................................
3. Twitter .............................................................................
f. Biography of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono .....................

g. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono twitter accout ....................
B. Conceptual Framework .............................................................

19
20
21
21
23
26

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Design…....................................................................
B. The Source of Data ...................................................................
C. The Technique of Collecting Data ...........................................
D. The Technique of Analyzing Data ............................................

28
28
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CHAPTER IV : THE DATA, DATA ANALYSIS & FINDINGS
A. Data… .......................................................................................
B. Data Analysis ...........................................................................
1. The Dominant Type Of Illocutionary Act ............................
2. The Implication of the Dominant Type Of Illocutionary Act
E. Research Findings .....................................................................

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37
37
38

CHAPTER V : CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Coclusions ................................................................................. 40
B. Suggestions .............................................................................. 41
REFERENCES .................................................................................................. 42

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List of Table

Table 4.1 The total number of tweet and illocutionary act……………….

36

Table 4.2 The Total Number and Percentage of Illocutionary act………..

36

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LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

APPENDIX B

The Analysis of the illocutionary act in Susilo Bambang
Yudhoyono tweet in twitter…………………………………...

44

Twitter of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono………………………..

56

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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Language cannot be separated from human in their daily life because it has
an important role to connect one another in communication. By using language in
the daily life, people as social creatures show their community interests. Language
then has other functions such as to express themselves, make an interaction with
oneanother and to exercise a social control depending on many situations.
This study focuses on analyzing the classification of illocutionary act in
the Susilo‟s twitters. The writer will use the five classifications from Searle‟s
theory to analyze them such as Declarative, Representative, Expressive, Directive,
and Commissive.
Twitter is a service where we can share information to many people
around the world. Twitter consists of short messages of only 140 characters, the
message is like the chirping of birds, called Tweets. The initial concept of twitter
is a system that users can send messages to be propagated to all friends . By doing
discussion and correction in the system , so this time twitter has grown into a
social networking service that has features to publish a short post or a similar
status to the SMS that can be accessed on the Internet .
Writer interested analyze twitter because in this era twitter has been very
phenomenal in the world and it has become a media to distribute opinions,
criticism, expectations, and also various kinds of ideas to others and ourselves.
The twitter account users to easily update the status on social media when they're

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happy, sad and angry. In this case writer analyze the SBY twitter because twitter
SBY also very phenomenal and got a variety of reactions from the public, some of
which are appreciated but not a few who criticize and even blasphemous. In this
case the writer is interested to analyze SBY status in twitter base on five types of
illocutionary act.
Illocutionary act is one type of speech act covered pragmatics. Just as
people can perform physical acts, such as hitting a baseball, they can also perform
mental acts, such as imagining hitting a baseball. People also perform another
kind of act simply by using language; these are called speech acts. ( Jennedy;
Polletto&Weldon, 1994: 229). I agree with that explanation becauseit
Illocutionary act is part of pragmatics. An explanation helped me in doing my
research.
As stated by Peccei (1999: 44), Austin pointed out that in analyzing a
speech act, we need to make a distinction between the locution and illocution. The
locution is the actual form of words used by the speaker and their semantic
meaning. The illocution is what the speaker is doing by uttering those words;
commanding, offering, promising, threatening, thanking, etc. For example, the
locution of the utterance “ Give some cash” would be “ hand some money over to
me”. Meanwhile the illocution of the same utterance performed the act of
requesting the addressee to give him some cash. Austin also distinguished the
third part of speech acts namely the perlocution. This is the actual result of the
locution. (Peccei, 1999 : 44) For example, the former utterance could have any of
the following of the locution: the speaker persuaded the addressee to give him the

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money; the addressee refused to give him the money‟ etc. The perlocution is
defined by the addresse reaction. Austin idea that is possible to state the necessary
conditions for a particular illocution to „count‟ was developed further by John
Searle ( Peccei, 1999 : 50 ).
Some said that illocutionary act was the real speech acts. One general
classification system lists five types of general functions performed by speech
acts, such as : Declarative, Representative, Expressive, Directive and
Commissive( Yule, 1996 : 53). Declarative is the kind of illocutionary act that
change the world via the speaker‟s utterance, for example from one of
Susilo‟stweet :“Insya Allah, dgn kebijakan & cara ini, Riau akan berubah.
*SBY*”.This tweet counted as declarative because the speaker declare that with
that policy that will change something tobe better. Representative is the kind of
illocutionary act that what the speaker believes tobe case or not. For example
,“TNI AU juga mendapatkan 9 CN-235, 9 C-130, sejumlah helicopter & pesawat
latih baru, serta Pesawat Terbang Tanpa Awak. *SBY*” is counted as
representative because the speaker knows sure that his statement is true.
Expressive is the kind of illocutionary that state what the speaker feels. For
example: Turut berduka cita atas kecelakaan yg menimpa siswa siswi SMK N 1
Pandeglang. Semoga keluarga & sekolah diberi ketabahan. *SBY* is counted as
expressive because the speaker express his feeling towards to the student who got
the accident.Directives is the kind of illocutionary act which the speaker gets
someone to do something. For example: Saya jg ingin para pejabat daerah di
Riau berdiri paling depan utk cegah & tangani asap ini. Mengapa terus terjadi &

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rakyat jd korban. *SBY*is counted as directive because its clearly seen that the
speaker want the local government

to handle the serious problem in

Riau.Commissive is the kind of illocutionary acts that speaker use to commit
themselvesto do something in the future. For example: Ke depan jika masih ada
pihak - pihak yg membakar & sebabkan bencana lagi, hokum harus ditegakkan
secara tegas, keras & cepat. *SBY* is counted as commissives because the
speaker promise that next, if there is a forest fire again, then the law must be
enforced.
Many other previous studies analyze about illocutionary act in some
different media. ( Fransisca2011 : 5) analyzed the illocutionary act used on „Alex
Dialogue in Movie Madagascar 3 : Europe‟s Most Wanted‟.The writer intended
to find the dominant illocutionary acts focuses in Alex dialogue. (Manaria, 2012 :
7)

analyzed „The Illocutionary acts used in the Adele‟s 21 Album‟.

The

writerstudy intended to show what is the dominant types of illocutionary acts in
that album and the implication to the reader who listen the Adele songs.
Megowan in journal „ A Partial Defense of Illocutionary Silencing (2011)‟
got the result expressive because dominantly about women who got traumatic.
The second journal is Shalev wrote „Illocutionary clauses accompanying
questions in Greek drama and in Platonic dialogue ( 2001 )‟ and the result is she
found that questions can be directive purpose. Third, Corrigan in his journal „
Speech acts, generic differences, and the curious case of „Cymbeline‟ (2002)‟.
The result is he found mixed between the five types of illocutionary act by Searle
theory in Cymbeline which is one of the most unwieldly of Shakepeare‟s play.

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Based on the explanation, this study will analyze the illocutionary act in
Susilo BambangYudhoyono tweet. This study will be useful to know how Susilo
perform illocutionary act when he update his tweet on twitter and how often he
produces certain type of illocutionary acts. This study is also interesting because
from this research the reader will know what is the dominant type of illocutionary
act from every single Susilo‟s tweet.
B. Problem of The Study
Based on the background of the study some problems are formulated as
the following:
1. What types of illocutionary act are used in Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
direct tweet on twitter
2. What is the dominant type of illocutionary act used in Susilo Bambang
Yudhoyono direct tweet on twitter
3. What is the implication of the dominant type of illocutionary act to the
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono direct tweet on twitter
C. Objective of Study
Related to the problem of the study, the objectives of the study are:
1. To find out the illocutionary act classification used in Susilo Bambang
Yudhoyono direct tweet on twitter.
2. To find out the dominant type of illocutionary act used in Susilo Bambang
Yudhoyono direct tweet on twitter
3. To find out the implication of illocutionary act that is dominantly used in
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono direct tweet on twitter

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D. The Scope of Study
This study is focused on analyzing the illocutionary act thatare used in
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono direct tweet in two months. The data will take from
2nd of February 2014tothe 2nd of April 2014. According to Searle‟s theory, there
are five classification of illocutionary act used in this study, such as Declarative,
Representative, Expressive, Directive, and Commissive.
E. The Significance of the Study
The findings of study are expected to be useful for :
1. Students of the English Department who study pragmatics as conditions to
analyze the classification of illocutionary act in text.
2. Readers who want to improve their knowledge and get more understanding
of how illocutionary act are used.
3. Readers who want to get more background information about Susilo
Bambang Yudhoyono tweets based on the five types of illocutionary act.
4. Researchers who want to use the findings as a reference in the study of
illocutionary act.

CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A.Conclusions
After analyzing the illocutionary act in Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono tweet,
following conclusions are drawn
1. There are 191 Illocutionary Act in Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono tweet.
There five types of illocutionary act that occurred in Susilo Bambang
Yudhoyono tweet, they are declarative (2,61%), representative (58,63%),
expressive (18,84%), directive (16,75%) and Commissive (3,14%).
2. The most dominant types of illocutionary act that found in those tweets is
Representative (58,63%), Representative becomes the most dominant
types of illocutionary act, because most of Susilo tweets are describing,
statement, and as we know describing and statement are part of
representative.
3. The Implication is Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was dominantly tweet a
statement such as describes, reports, inform and claims. He wants to let
people know all his activity by his twitter. Beside that he makes statements
which he assume is true and hope that his follower would be affected.

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B. Suggestions
By considering the research finding and the conclusions, there are some
suggestions which are presented as follows:
1. Students need to improve their knowledge about illocutionary act, so that
they can avoid miss understanding in communication and can understand
the purpose of social media such as facebook or twitter that usually using
illocutionary act.
2. Readers are suggested to improve their knowledge about illocutionary act
and make the study become interesting.
3. Readers are suggested to make more depth analysis of illocutionary act in
twitter.
4. Other researchers are suggested to make a more depth analysis of

illocutionary act in other objects.