Gambaran Derajat Nyeri Pasca Bedah Pada Pasien Trauma Muskuloskeletal Dengan Menggunakan Alat Ukur Vas (Visual Analogue Scale) Di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Haji Adam Malik Medan
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Apfelbaum JL, Pharm CC, Mehta SS, Gan TJ. Postoperative Pain Experience: Results from a
National Survey Suggest Postoperative Pain Continues to Be Undermanaged. Anesth Analg.
2003; 97:534 –40.
Butterworth JF, Mackey DC, Wasnick JD. Morgan & Mikhail’s Clinical Anesthesiology. 4th
Edition. New york: Mcgraw-hill Companies; 2006.
Clark CW, Chokhavatia SS, Kashani A, Clark BS. Pain Management Secret. 3rd Edition.
Philadelphia: Elseiver Publisher; 2009.
Gunawan R. Perbandingan Efek Parasetamol 1 Gr/6 Jam Intravena dan Ketorolak 30 Mg/6
Jam Intravena Untuk Penanganan Nyeri Pasca Pembedahan Seksio Sesaria Dengan Anestesi
Regional Blok Subaraknoid. Repository USU. 2011: 1-63.
Hassan W, Inam M, Satar A, Arif M. Postoperative Analgesia With Tramadol in Orthopedic
Surgery : Continuous Infusion Versus Repetitive Bolus Administration. Journal of Surgery
Pakistan. 2012; 17(4):1-5
International Association for the Study of Pain. Chronic Pain After Surgery. 2011.1-6.
International Association for the Study of Pain. Classification of Chronic Pain. IASP Task
Force on Taxonomy. 2th edition. 2011.
International Association for the Study of Pain. Visceral pain In : Core Curriculum for
Professional Education in Pain. IASP Press. 2012; 34:1-2
Mackintosh C. Assessment and Management of Patients with Post-operative Pain. Nursing
Standard. 2007; 22(5):49-5
Macrae WA. Chronic Pain After Surgery. British Journal of Anesthesia. 2001; 87:88-9
Mwaka G, Thikra S, Mung'ayi V. The Prevalence of Postoperative Pain in the First 48 Hours
Following Day Surgery at a Tertiary Hospital in Nairobi. African Health Sciences. 2013. 1-9
Reuben SS, Buvanendran A. Current Concepts Review Preventing The Development Of
Chronic Pain After Orthopaedic Surgery With Preventive Multimodal Analgesic Techniques.
J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007; 89:1343-58
Riley J, Boulis NM. Molecular Mechanisms of Pain: A Basis for Chronic Pain and
Therapeutic Approaches Based on the Cell and the Gene. Clinical Neorusugery. 2006 (53).
Setiabudi A. Perbandingan ekspresi sel T CD4+ di Jaringan Sekitar Luka Dengan dan Tanpa
Infiltrasi Levobupivakain pada Nyeri Pasca Insisi: Studi Imuno Histo Kimia Pada Tikus
Wistar. UNDIP. 2005:1-75
Solomon L, Warwick D, Nayagam S. System of Orthopaedics and Fractures. 2001 (9) ; 163.
25
South African Society of Anaesthesiologist. South African Acute Pain Guidelines. SAJAA.
2009;15(6):1-120
Tennant F. Complications Uncontrolled Persistent Pain. 2004.1-2.
26
Apfelbaum JL, Pharm CC, Mehta SS, Gan TJ. Postoperative Pain Experience: Results from a
National Survey Suggest Postoperative Pain Continues to Be Undermanaged. Anesth Analg.
2003; 97:534 –40.
Butterworth JF, Mackey DC, Wasnick JD. Morgan & Mikhail’s Clinical Anesthesiology. 4th
Edition. New york: Mcgraw-hill Companies; 2006.
Clark CW, Chokhavatia SS, Kashani A, Clark BS. Pain Management Secret. 3rd Edition.
Philadelphia: Elseiver Publisher; 2009.
Gunawan R. Perbandingan Efek Parasetamol 1 Gr/6 Jam Intravena dan Ketorolak 30 Mg/6
Jam Intravena Untuk Penanganan Nyeri Pasca Pembedahan Seksio Sesaria Dengan Anestesi
Regional Blok Subaraknoid. Repository USU. 2011: 1-63.
Hassan W, Inam M, Satar A, Arif M. Postoperative Analgesia With Tramadol in Orthopedic
Surgery : Continuous Infusion Versus Repetitive Bolus Administration. Journal of Surgery
Pakistan. 2012; 17(4):1-5
International Association for the Study of Pain. Chronic Pain After Surgery. 2011.1-6.
International Association for the Study of Pain. Classification of Chronic Pain. IASP Task
Force on Taxonomy. 2th edition. 2011.
International Association for the Study of Pain. Visceral pain In : Core Curriculum for
Professional Education in Pain. IASP Press. 2012; 34:1-2
Mackintosh C. Assessment and Management of Patients with Post-operative Pain. Nursing
Standard. 2007; 22(5):49-5
Macrae WA. Chronic Pain After Surgery. British Journal of Anesthesia. 2001; 87:88-9
Mwaka G, Thikra S, Mung'ayi V. The Prevalence of Postoperative Pain in the First 48 Hours
Following Day Surgery at a Tertiary Hospital in Nairobi. African Health Sciences. 2013. 1-9
Reuben SS, Buvanendran A. Current Concepts Review Preventing The Development Of
Chronic Pain After Orthopaedic Surgery With Preventive Multimodal Analgesic Techniques.
J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007; 89:1343-58
Riley J, Boulis NM. Molecular Mechanisms of Pain: A Basis for Chronic Pain and
Therapeutic Approaches Based on the Cell and the Gene. Clinical Neorusugery. 2006 (53).
Setiabudi A. Perbandingan ekspresi sel T CD4+ di Jaringan Sekitar Luka Dengan dan Tanpa
Infiltrasi Levobupivakain pada Nyeri Pasca Insisi: Studi Imuno Histo Kimia Pada Tikus
Wistar. UNDIP. 2005:1-75
Solomon L, Warwick D, Nayagam S. System of Orthopaedics and Fractures. 2001 (9) ; 163.
25
South African Society of Anaesthesiologist. South African Acute Pain Guidelines. SAJAA.
2009;15(6):1-120
Tennant F. Complications Uncontrolled Persistent Pain. 2004.1-2.
26