Pengaruh Penambahan Enzim Fitase didalam Ransum terhadap Karkas Ayam Broiler
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ENZIM FITASE
DI DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP
KARKAS AYAM BROILER
SKRIPSI
Oleh:
IRWANSYAH F SILALAHI
110306032
PROGRAM STUDI PETERNAKAN
FAKULTAS PERTANIAN
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
2017
Universitas Sumatera Utara
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ENZIM FITASE
DI DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP
KARKAS AYAM BROILER
SKRIPSI
Oleh:
IRWANSYAH F SILALAHI
110306032/PETERNAKAN
Skripsi sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar sarjana
di Program Studi Peternakan Fakultas Pertanian
Universitas Sumatera Utara
PROGRAM STUDI PETERNAKAN
FAKULTAS PERTANIAN
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
2017
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
IRWANSYAH FEBRI SILALAHI, 2017. Pengaruh Penambahan enzim
fitase didalam ransum konvensional memberikan pengaruh yang positif terhadap
karkas pada ayam broiler. Dibimbing oleh NEVY DIANA HANAFI dan MA’RUF
TAFSIN.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh penambahan enzim fitase di
dalam ransum konvesional terhadap karkas ayam broiler umur 0-5 minggu. Penelitian
ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Biologi Ternak Program Studi Peternakan Fakultas
Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara berlangsung selama 5 minggu dimulai dari 9
Oktober 2015 sampai 14 november 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak
lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Setiap ulangan terdiri dari 5 ekor.
Perlakuan terdiri dari level 0 FTU (P0), 500 FTU (P1), 1000 FTU (P2), 1500 FTU
(P3) dan 2000 FTU (P4). Parameter yang diamati yaitu bobot potong, bobot karkas,
persentase karkas, lemak abdomen dan bobot relatif.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rataan bobot potong ayam broiler
berkisar antara
1582,42-1674,33 g/ekor belum memberikan pengaruh yang
signifikan. Penggunaan enzim fitase dalam ransum pada berbagai level memberikan
pengaruh yang berbeda tidak nyata berkisar 1122,25-1198,75 g/ekor. Persentase
karkas ayam broiler hasil penelitian antara 70,93%-72,37% dari bobot hidup. Hasil
analisis keragaman pada penggunaan enzim fitase dalam ransum pada berbagai level
memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda tidak nyata terhadap bobot relatif. Penggunaan
enzim fitase memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda tidak nyata terhadap lemak
abdominal ayam broiler. Kesimpulan pemberian enzim fitase sampai level 2000 UFT
pada ransum ayam broiler tidak memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata terhadap
bobot potong, bobot karkas, persentase karkas, bobot relatif organ dalam dan lemak
abdominal.
Kata kunci : Karkas, Ayam broiler, Enzim fitase.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
IRWANSYAH FEBRI SILALAHI, 2017. Influence The addition of fitase
enzyme in conventional ration gives a positive effect on carcass in broiler chickens.
Guided by NEVY DIANA HANAFI and MA'RUF TAFSIN.
This study aims to examine the effect of the addition of fitase enzyme in
conventional rations to broiler chickens aged 0-5 weeks. This research was
conducted at Animal Husbandry Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Department of
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara lasted for 5 weeks starting from
9 October 2015 until 14 november 2015. This research used complete randomized
design (RAL) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Each repetition consists of 5 tails.
The treatments consist of level 0 FTU (P0), 500 FTU (P1), 1000 FTU (P2), 1500
FTU (P3) and 2000 FTU (P4). Parameters observed were cut weight, carcass weight,
carcass percentage, abdominal fat and relative weights.
The results showed that the average weight of broiler chickens ranged
between 1582.42-1674.33 g / tail has not given a significant effect. The use of fitase
enzyme in rations at various levels gave uniformly different effect of 1122,25-1198,75
g / tail. Percentage of broiler carcass of the research results between 70.93% 72.37% of the live weight. The results of the diversity analysis on the use of fitase
enzyme in rations at various levels gave no significant effect on relative weights. The
use of fitase enzyme gives no significant effect on abdominal fat of broiler chickens.
The conclusion of fitase enzyme up to 2000 UFT level on broiler ration did not give
significant effect to cut weight, carcass weight, carcass percentage, relative internal
organ weight and abdominal fat.
Keywords: carcass, broiler chicken, fitase enzyme.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Judul Penelitian
Nama
Nim
Program Studi
: Pengaruh Penambahan Enzim Fitase didalam Ransum
terhadap Karkas Ayam Broiler
: Irwansyah F Silalahi
: 110306032
: Peternakan
Disetujui oleh :
Komisi Pembimbing
Dr. Nevy Diana Hanafi,S.Pt.,M.Si
Ketua
Dr.Ir.Ma’ruf Tafsin, M.Si
Anggota
Mengetahui,
Prof.Dr.Ir. Hasnudi MS
Ketua Program Studi Peternakan
Tanggal ACC :
Universitas Sumatera Utara
RIWAYAT HIDUP
Penulis dilahirkan di lahirkan di Paneitongah pada tanggal 22 februari 1994
dari ayah Murdi Silalahi dan ibu Nurmaulina Siburian. Penulis merupakan anak ke
empat dari lima bersaudara.
Tahun 2011 penulis lulus dari SMA Negeri 1 Panombeian Panei dan pada
tahun yang sama masuk ke Fakultas Pertanian USU melalui jalur ujian tertulis Seleksi
Penerimaan Mahasiswa Baru. Penulis memilih program studi Ilmu Produksi Ternak,
Program Studi Peternakan.
Selama mengikuti perkuliahan, penulis aktif sebagai anggota Ikatan
Mahasiswa Kristen Peternakan dan anggota Ikatan Mahasiswa Peternakan pada tahun
2014 sebagai kordinator bidang kewirausahaan.
Penulis melaksanakan praktek kerja lapangan (PKL) di Peternakan Kerbau
Perah Pak Boman di Desa Emplasmen, Lubuk Pakam.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR ISI
Hal
ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................. i
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ ii
RIWAYAT HIDUP ............................................................................................... iii
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................... iv
DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... v
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................. vii
PENDAHULUAN
Latar Belakang ........................................................................................................ 1
Tujuan Penelitian .................................................................................................... 3
Hipotesis Penelitian................................................................................................. 3
Kegunaan Penelitian ............................................................................................... 3
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
Ayam Broiler........................................................................................................... 4
Ransum Ayam Broiler...................................... ...................................................... 6
Karkas Ayam Broiler .............................................................................................. 9
Kualitas Karkas ....................................................................................................... 9
Lemak Abdominal................................................................................................... 11
Giblet............................................... ........................................................................ 12
Asam Fitat............................................... ................................................................ 12
Enzim Fitase ............................................................................................................ 14
Mekanisme Reaksi Fitase Memecah Asam Fitat............................................... ..... 15
BAHAN DAN METODE PENELITIAN
Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ................................................................................. 16
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Bahan dan Alat Penelitian ...................................................................................... 16
Metode Penelitian ................................................................................................... 16
Peubah yang diamati ............................................................................................... 18
Bobot Potong... ............................................................................................ 18
Bobot Karkas ............................................................................................... 18
Persentase Karkas........................................................................................ 19
Lemak Abdominan... ................................................................................... 19
Bobot Relatif ............................................................................................... 19
Analisis Data..... ...................................................................................................... 20
HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
Bobot Potong........................................................................................................... 21
Bobot Karkas........................................................................................................... 22
Persentase Karkas.................................................................................................... 23
Bobot Relatif Organ Dalam .................................................................................... 24
Lemak Abdominal................................................................................................... 25
KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
Kesimpulan ............................................................................................................. 28
Saran........................................................................................................................ 28
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................ 29
LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................................... 32
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR TABEL
No.
Hal.
1. ............................................................................................................. P
opulasi ayam broiler secara nasional ............................................................. 5
2. ............................................................................................................. P
engaruh perkembangan genetik pada performans ayam broiler .................... 6
3. ............................................................................................................. K
ebutuhan nutrisi ayam ras pedaging ............................................................... 8
4. ............................................................................................................. K
andungan asam fitat di dalam bahan pakan ternak……………………….13
5. ............................................................................................................. F
ormulasi ransum ayam broiler stater……………………………………...18
6. ............................................................................................................. F
ormulasi ransum ayam broiler finisher……………………………………18
7. ............................................................................................................. R
ataan bobot potong ayam broiler (g/ekor/minggu………………………...21
8. ............................................................................................................. R
ataan bobot karkas ayam broiler (g/ekor/minggu)………………………..22
9. ............................................................................................................. R
ataan persentase karkas ayam broiler (g/ekor/minggu)…………………..23
10. ........................................................................................................... R
ataan bobot organ dalamayam broiler (g/ekor/minggu)……………….….24
11. ........................................................................................................... R
ataan bobot lemak abdominal ayam broiler (g/ekor/minggu)…………….25
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DI DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP
KARKAS AYAM BROILER
SKRIPSI
Oleh:
IRWANSYAH F SILALAHI
110306032
PROGRAM STUDI PETERNAKAN
FAKULTAS PERTANIAN
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
2017
Universitas Sumatera Utara
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ENZIM FITASE
DI DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP
KARKAS AYAM BROILER
SKRIPSI
Oleh:
IRWANSYAH F SILALAHI
110306032/PETERNAKAN
Skripsi sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar sarjana
di Program Studi Peternakan Fakultas Pertanian
Universitas Sumatera Utara
PROGRAM STUDI PETERNAKAN
FAKULTAS PERTANIAN
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
2017
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
IRWANSYAH FEBRI SILALAHI, 2017. Pengaruh Penambahan enzim
fitase didalam ransum konvensional memberikan pengaruh yang positif terhadap
karkas pada ayam broiler. Dibimbing oleh NEVY DIANA HANAFI dan MA’RUF
TAFSIN.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh penambahan enzim fitase di
dalam ransum konvesional terhadap karkas ayam broiler umur 0-5 minggu. Penelitian
ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Biologi Ternak Program Studi Peternakan Fakultas
Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara berlangsung selama 5 minggu dimulai dari 9
Oktober 2015 sampai 14 november 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak
lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Setiap ulangan terdiri dari 5 ekor.
Perlakuan terdiri dari level 0 FTU (P0), 500 FTU (P1), 1000 FTU (P2), 1500 FTU
(P3) dan 2000 FTU (P4). Parameter yang diamati yaitu bobot potong, bobot karkas,
persentase karkas, lemak abdomen dan bobot relatif.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rataan bobot potong ayam broiler
berkisar antara
1582,42-1674,33 g/ekor belum memberikan pengaruh yang
signifikan. Penggunaan enzim fitase dalam ransum pada berbagai level memberikan
pengaruh yang berbeda tidak nyata berkisar 1122,25-1198,75 g/ekor. Persentase
karkas ayam broiler hasil penelitian antara 70,93%-72,37% dari bobot hidup. Hasil
analisis keragaman pada penggunaan enzim fitase dalam ransum pada berbagai level
memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda tidak nyata terhadap bobot relatif. Penggunaan
enzim fitase memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda tidak nyata terhadap lemak
abdominal ayam broiler. Kesimpulan pemberian enzim fitase sampai level 2000 UFT
pada ransum ayam broiler tidak memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata terhadap
bobot potong, bobot karkas, persentase karkas, bobot relatif organ dalam dan lemak
abdominal.
Kata kunci : Karkas, Ayam broiler, Enzim fitase.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
IRWANSYAH FEBRI SILALAHI, 2017. Influence The addition of fitase
enzyme in conventional ration gives a positive effect on carcass in broiler chickens.
Guided by NEVY DIANA HANAFI and MA'RUF TAFSIN.
This study aims to examine the effect of the addition of fitase enzyme in
conventional rations to broiler chickens aged 0-5 weeks. This research was
conducted at Animal Husbandry Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Department of
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara lasted for 5 weeks starting from
9 October 2015 until 14 november 2015. This research used complete randomized
design (RAL) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Each repetition consists of 5 tails.
The treatments consist of level 0 FTU (P0), 500 FTU (P1), 1000 FTU (P2), 1500
FTU (P3) and 2000 FTU (P4). Parameters observed were cut weight, carcass weight,
carcass percentage, abdominal fat and relative weights.
The results showed that the average weight of broiler chickens ranged
between 1582.42-1674.33 g / tail has not given a significant effect. The use of fitase
enzyme in rations at various levels gave uniformly different effect of 1122,25-1198,75
g / tail. Percentage of broiler carcass of the research results between 70.93% 72.37% of the live weight. The results of the diversity analysis on the use of fitase
enzyme in rations at various levels gave no significant effect on relative weights. The
use of fitase enzyme gives no significant effect on abdominal fat of broiler chickens.
The conclusion of fitase enzyme up to 2000 UFT level on broiler ration did not give
significant effect to cut weight, carcass weight, carcass percentage, relative internal
organ weight and abdominal fat.
Keywords: carcass, broiler chicken, fitase enzyme.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Judul Penelitian
Nama
Nim
Program Studi
: Pengaruh Penambahan Enzim Fitase didalam Ransum
terhadap Karkas Ayam Broiler
: Irwansyah F Silalahi
: 110306032
: Peternakan
Disetujui oleh :
Komisi Pembimbing
Dr. Nevy Diana Hanafi,S.Pt.,M.Si
Ketua
Dr.Ir.Ma’ruf Tafsin, M.Si
Anggota
Mengetahui,
Prof.Dr.Ir. Hasnudi MS
Ketua Program Studi Peternakan
Tanggal ACC :
Universitas Sumatera Utara
RIWAYAT HIDUP
Penulis dilahirkan di lahirkan di Paneitongah pada tanggal 22 februari 1994
dari ayah Murdi Silalahi dan ibu Nurmaulina Siburian. Penulis merupakan anak ke
empat dari lima bersaudara.
Tahun 2011 penulis lulus dari SMA Negeri 1 Panombeian Panei dan pada
tahun yang sama masuk ke Fakultas Pertanian USU melalui jalur ujian tertulis Seleksi
Penerimaan Mahasiswa Baru. Penulis memilih program studi Ilmu Produksi Ternak,
Program Studi Peternakan.
Selama mengikuti perkuliahan, penulis aktif sebagai anggota Ikatan
Mahasiswa Kristen Peternakan dan anggota Ikatan Mahasiswa Peternakan pada tahun
2014 sebagai kordinator bidang kewirausahaan.
Penulis melaksanakan praktek kerja lapangan (PKL) di Peternakan Kerbau
Perah Pak Boman di Desa Emplasmen, Lubuk Pakam.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR ISI
Hal
ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................. i
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ ii
RIWAYAT HIDUP ............................................................................................... iii
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................... iv
DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... v
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................. vii
PENDAHULUAN
Latar Belakang ........................................................................................................ 1
Tujuan Penelitian .................................................................................................... 3
Hipotesis Penelitian................................................................................................. 3
Kegunaan Penelitian ............................................................................................... 3
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
Ayam Broiler........................................................................................................... 4
Ransum Ayam Broiler...................................... ...................................................... 6
Karkas Ayam Broiler .............................................................................................. 9
Kualitas Karkas ....................................................................................................... 9
Lemak Abdominal................................................................................................... 11
Giblet............................................... ........................................................................ 12
Asam Fitat............................................... ................................................................ 12
Enzim Fitase ............................................................................................................ 14
Mekanisme Reaksi Fitase Memecah Asam Fitat............................................... ..... 15
BAHAN DAN METODE PENELITIAN
Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ................................................................................. 16
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Bahan dan Alat Penelitian ...................................................................................... 16
Metode Penelitian ................................................................................................... 16
Peubah yang diamati ............................................................................................... 18
Bobot Potong... ............................................................................................ 18
Bobot Karkas ............................................................................................... 18
Persentase Karkas........................................................................................ 19
Lemak Abdominan... ................................................................................... 19
Bobot Relatif ............................................................................................... 19
Analisis Data..... ...................................................................................................... 20
HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
Bobot Potong........................................................................................................... 21
Bobot Karkas........................................................................................................... 22
Persentase Karkas.................................................................................................... 23
Bobot Relatif Organ Dalam .................................................................................... 24
Lemak Abdominal................................................................................................... 25
KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
Kesimpulan ............................................................................................................. 28
Saran........................................................................................................................ 28
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................ 29
LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................................... 32
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR TABEL
No.
Hal.
1. ............................................................................................................. P
opulasi ayam broiler secara nasional ............................................................. 5
2. ............................................................................................................. P
engaruh perkembangan genetik pada performans ayam broiler .................... 6
3. ............................................................................................................. K
ebutuhan nutrisi ayam ras pedaging ............................................................... 8
4. ............................................................................................................. K
andungan asam fitat di dalam bahan pakan ternak……………………….13
5. ............................................................................................................. F
ormulasi ransum ayam broiler stater……………………………………...18
6. ............................................................................................................. F
ormulasi ransum ayam broiler finisher……………………………………18
7. ............................................................................................................. R
ataan bobot potong ayam broiler (g/ekor/minggu………………………...21
8. ............................................................................................................. R
ataan bobot karkas ayam broiler (g/ekor/minggu)………………………..22
9. ............................................................................................................. R
ataan persentase karkas ayam broiler (g/ekor/minggu)…………………..23
10. ........................................................................................................... R
ataan bobot organ dalamayam broiler (g/ekor/minggu)……………….….24
11. ........................................................................................................... R
ataan bobot lemak abdominal ayam broiler (g/ekor/minggu)…………….25
Universitas Sumatera Utara