Resiliensi dan Mekanisme Koping Orangtua Anak Penderita Kanker di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan
Resiliensi dan M n Mekanisme Koping Orangtua Anak nak Penderita Kanker di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan Kank edan SKRIPSI oleh Yosi Situmorang 111101067 FAKULTAS KEPERAWATAN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA A 2015
Resiliensi dan M n Mekanisme Koping Orangtua Anak nak Penderita Kanker di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan Kank edan SKRIPSI oleh Yosi Situmorang 111101067 FAKULTAS KEPERAWATAN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA A 2015
Segala puji syukur dan hormat penulis panjatkan hanya kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa yang telah memberikan berkat dan rahmat-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penulisan skripsi yang berjudul “Resiliensi dan Mekanisme Koping Orangtua Anak Penderita Kanker di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan”. Skripsi ini disusun sebagai salah satu syarat untuk menyelesaikan pendidikan dan mencapai gelar sarjana di Fakultas Keperawatan Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Penyusunan skripsi ini telah banyak mendapat bantuan, bimbingan, dan dukungan dari berbagai pihak. Oleh karena itu, penulis mengucapkan terimakasih kepada: 1. dr. Dedi Ardinata, M.Kes sebagai Dekan Fakultas Keperawatan Universitas Sumatera Utara.
2. Ibu Erniyati, S.Kp, MNS selaku Pembantu Dekan I Fakultas Keperawatan Universitas Sumatera Utara.
3. Ibu Evi Karota Bukit, S.Kp, MNS selaku Pembantu Dekan II Fakultas Keperawatan Universitas Sumatera Utara.
4. Bapak Ikhsanuddin Ahmad Harahap, S.Kp, MNS selaku Pembantu Dekan III Fakultas Keperawatan Universitas Sumatera Utara.
5. Ibu Nur Asnah Sitohang, S. Kep., Ns., M.Kep selaku dosen pembimbing skripsi yang telah menyediakan waktu serta dengan penuh keikhlasan dan kesabaran telah memberikan arahan, bimbingan dan ilmu yang bermanfaat selama penyusunan skripsi ini.
6. Ibu Nunung F Sitepu, S.Kep., Ns., MNS dan Ibu Farida Linda Sari Siregar, S.Kep., Ns., M.Kep selaku dosen penguji I dan II yang juga banyak memberikan arahan dan bimbingan kepada penulis.
7. Seluruh Dosen Pengajar S1 Fakultas Keperawatan Universitas Sumatera Utara yang telah banyak mendidik penulis selama proses perkuliahan.
8. Kedua orangtua yang sangat penulis kasihi yaitu S.O Situmorang dan R.
Simanungkalit beserta saudara-saudari yaitu kak Adri, Joel dan Ria atas segala dukungan dan kasih baik secara moral ataupun materil.
9. Direksi dan staf RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan atas izin bantuan selama penelitian Penulis menyadari skripsi ini masih banyak kekurangan dan kelemahan serta masih diperlukan penyempurnaan, hal ini tidak terlepas dari keterbatasan kemampuan, pengetahuan dan pengalaman yang penulis miliki. Sebelumnya penulis ucapkan terimakasih.
Medan, 01 Juli 2015 Penulis, Yosi Situmorang
DAFTAR ISI
2.1.8 Neoplasma tulang ......................................................................12
2.1.6 Neoplasma ginjal .......................................................................11
2.1.6.1Tumor Wilms .................................................................11
2.1.6.2Nefroblastomastomatosis ...............................................11
2.1.7 Sarkoma jaringan lunak .............................................................11
2.1.7.1Rabdomiosarkoma .........................................................11
2.1.7.2Sarkoma jaringan lunak non rabdomiosarkoma.............12
2.1.8.1Osteosarkoma.................................................................12
2.1.4.2Limfoma Non-Hodgkin..................................................10
2.1.8.2 Sarkoma Ewig/ neuropitelioma perifer .........................12
2.1.9 Retinoblastoma .......................................................................13
2.1.10 Stadium Kanker ......................................................................13
2.2 Anak
2.2.1Pengertian anak ...............................................................................14
2.2.2Periode perkembangan anak............................................................14
2.2.2.1Periode pranatal ..................................................................14
2.1.5 Neuroblastoma...........................................................................10
2.1.4.1Penyakit Hodgkin...........................................................10
Halaman judul ...................................................................................................................i Halaman pernyataan orisinalitas .......................................................................................ii Halaman persetujuan .........................................................................................................iii Kata pengantar...................................................................................................................iii Daftar isi ............................................................................................................................iv Daftar tabel ........................................................................................................................ix Dafrae skema .....................................................................................................................x Abstrak ..............................................................................................................................xi
BAB 2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
BAB 1. PENDAHULUAN
1.1Latar Belakang ...................................................................................1
1.2 Perumusan Masalah...........................................................................4
1.3Pertanyaan Penelitian ........................................................................4
1.4Tujuan penelitian ................................................................................5
1.5 Manfaat penelitian .............................................................................5
2.1Kanker
2.1.4Limfoma ....................................................................................10
2.1.1Pengertian kanker .......................................................................7
2.1.2Etiologi kanker ...........................................................................8
2.1.3Leukemia ....................................................................................8
2.1.3.1Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut (LLA)..............................8
2.1.3.2Leukemia Mieloid Akut (LMA) ....................................9
2.1.3.3Leukemia Miolegenik Kronis (LMK)............................9
2.1.3.4Leukemia Kongenital .....................................................9
2.2.2.2Periode bayi ........................................................................14
2.2.2.3Periode kanak-kanak awal ..................................................15
2.2.2.4Masa sekolah ......................................................................16
2.2.2.5Periode kanak-kanak akhir .................................................16
2.3 Resiliensi
2.3.1Pengertian resiliensi ........................................................................17
2.3.2Manfaat resiliensi ............................................................................18
2.3.3Domain resiliensi.............................................................................18
2.3.4 Tingkat resiliensi ......................................................................... 20
2.4 Mekanisme koping
2.4.1Pengertian koping...........................................................................21
2.4.2 Pengertian mekanisme koping ......................................................21
2.4.3Penggolongan mekanisme koping..................................................22
2.4.4 Metode koping...............................................................................23
2.4.5Respon koping................................................................................24
BAB 3. KERANGKA PENELITIAN
3.1Kerangka penelitian............................................................................25
3.2Definisi operasional............................................................................26
BAB 4. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
4.1Desain penelitian ..................................................................................29
4.2Populasi dan sampel .............................................................................29
4.2.1 Populasi .....................................................................................29
4.2.2 Sampel .......................................................................................29
4.3 Lokasi dan waktu penelitian ................................................................30
4.4 Pertimbangan etik penelitian ...............................................................30
4.5 Instrumen penelitian ............................................................................31
4.5.1 Data demografi ..........................................................................32
4.5.2 Kuesioner resiliensi ...................................................................32
4.5.3 Kuesioner mekanisme koping ...................................................32
4.6 Uji validitas dan reabilitas ...................................................................33
4.6.1 Uji validitas ...............................................................................33
4.6.2 Uji Reabilitas .............................................................................33
4.7 Pengumpulan data ...............................................................................34
4.8 Rencana analisa data............................................................................35
BAB 5. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
5.1 Hasil penelitian ...................................................................................36
5.1.1 Karakteristik responden.............................................................36
5.1.2 Resiliensi responden per item pernyataan .................................37
5.1.3 Hasil resilienisi ..........................................................................39
5.1.4 Mekanisme koping berfokus pada masalah dan emosi .............39
5.1.5 Mekanisme koping responden ...................................................43
5.2 Pembahasan
5.2.1 Resiliensi ...................................................................................43
5.2.2 Mekanisme koping ....................................................................46
BAB 6. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
6.1 Kesimpulan .....................................................................................51
6.2 Saran ...............................................................................................51
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..........................................................................................53
LAMPIRANLampiran 1. Jadwal tentatif penelitian..................................................57 Lampiran 2, Penjelasan tentang penelitian ...........................................58 Lampiran 3. Inform concent..................................................................59 Lampiran 4. Instrumen penelitian .........................................................60 Lampiran 5. Output SPSS .....................................................................64 Lampiran 6. Anggaran dana..................................................................68 Lampiran 7. Riwayat hidup ..................................................................69 Lampiran 8, Etical clearance................................................................70 Lampiran 9, Lembar peresetujuan validitas..........................................71 Lampiran 10, Surat uji reliabilitas ........................................................72 Lampiran 11, Surat selesai uji reliabilitas.............................................73 Lampiran 12, Surat pengambilan data ..................................................74 Lampiran 13, Surat selesai pengambilan data ......................................76 Lampiran 14, Terjemahan abstrak ........................................................77 Lampiran 15, Bukti bimbingan .............................................................78
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3.1 Definisi Operasional............................................................................25Tabel 5.1.1 Distribusi frekuensi berdasarkan karakteristik demografi............................................................................................37Tabel 5.1.2 Distribusi frekuensi dan presentase per item pernyataanResiliensi ............................................................................................38
Tabel 5.1.3 Distribusi frekuensi dan presentase tingkat resiliensi ........................39Tabel 5.1.4 Distribusi frekuensi dan presentase per item pernyataan mekanisme koping..............................................................................40Tabel 5.1.4 Distribusi frekuensi dan presentase mekanisme koping.....................43Skema 1 Kerangka konsep penelitian resiliensi dan mekanisme koping orang tua anak penderita kanker.............................................25
Judul : Resiliensi dan Mekanisme Koping Orangtua Anak Penderita Kanker di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan
Nama Mahasiswa : Yosi Situmorang Nim : 111101067 Jurusan : Sarjana Keperawatan (S.Kep) Tahun : 2015
ABSTRAK
Orangtua memiliki masalah selama anak menderita kanker, untuk menghadapi tekanan diperlukan adanya resiliensi dan mekanisme koping yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi resiliensi dan mekanisme koping orangtua anak penderita kanker. Penelitian dilaksanakan di ruang rawat inap terpadu B-4 RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan, populasi pada penelitian ini adalah orangtua yang memiliki anak penderita kanker, sampel berjumlah 34 orangtua, pengumpulan data dengan teknik total sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan dianalisis dengan distribusi frekuensi. Hasil penelitian diperoleh data yaitu orangtua lebih banyak berjenis kelamin perempuan (61,8%), usia pada rentang 30-39 tahun (58,8%), pekerjaan wiraswasta (35,3%), pendidikan terakhir SMA (52,9%), jenis kanker yang di derita anak leukemia (64,7%), resiliensi orangtua berada pada tingkat tinggi (50%) dan mekanisme koping orangtua berfokus pada emosi (85,3%). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disimpulkan bahwa orangtua memiliki tingkat resiliensi yang baik dan mekanisme koping dengan melakukan usaha berupa gagasan untuk mengatasi stres emosional tetapi tidak menyelesaikan masalah. Sebagai rekomendasi peneliti mengharapkan perawat untuk mengkaji resiliensi dan mekanisme orangtua agar dapat memberi intervensi yang sesuai.
Kata Kunci: Resiliensi, mekanisme koping, orangtua, anak, kanker Title of the Thesis : Resilience and Coping Mechanism of Parents whose ChildSuffers from Cancer at RSUP H. Adam Malik, Medan
Name of Student : YosiSitumorang Std. ID Number : 111101067 Department : S1 (Undergraduate) Nursing (S.Kep) Year :2015
ABSTRACT Parents that always have problem when their child are most probably be affected by cancer. In order to solve the stress, they need correct resilience and coping mechanism. The objective of the research was to identify the resilience and coping mechanism of parents whose child was affected by cancer. The research was conducted in the Integrated Inpatient Room B-4 of RSUP Haji Adam Malik, Medan. The population was parents whose children were affected by cancer, and the samples were 34 respondents, taken by using total sampling technique. The data were gathered by distributing questionnaires and analyzed by using distribution frequency.The result of the research showed that 61.8% of the respondents were females, 58.8% of the respondents were in the range of 30-39 years old, 35.3% of the respondents were entrepreneurs, 52.9% of the respondents were senior high school graduates, 64.7% of the children were affected by leukemia, 50% of the respondents had high level of resilience, and 85.3% of the respondents focused on emotional coping mechanism. The conclusion of the research was that the parents had good level of resilience and coping mechanism by having the idea to handle emotional stress although it did not solve the problems. It is recommended that nurses study parents’ resilience and coping mechanism in order to provide appropriate intervention.
Keywords: Resilience, Coping Mechanism, Parents, Child, Cancer