Module 1 – Arriving in an Indonesian Town

  

The Indonesian Way

Module 1 – Arriving in an Indonesian Town

  1

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  “The Indonesian Way” by George Quinn and Uli Kozok is licensed under a Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)” license. Under the license you are free to: ●

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  Date of Last Revision: 27 March 2015

  The development of “The Indonesian Way” was sponsored by grant P017A090375-10 from the US Department of Education, International Research and Studies Program. The development of the print version was made possible by a grant received from the University of Tasmania.

  Module 1 Arriving in an Indonesian Town

  The main aim of Module 1 is to equip you with the vocabulary, sentence shells and cultural skills that will enable you to get information and find your way around when you arrive as a stranger in an unfamiliar Indonesian town.

  The Module gives you the vocabulary to talk about buildings and places, food and eating and transport. You will learn some conventions of smalltalk that will enable you to make contact with people and get basic information from them. You will learn how to describe the location of places and some of their characteristics. You will also learn how to make simple statements about likes and dislikes and how to politely fend o ff unwanted invitations.

  In the culminating role-play you will act out (together with your tutor or classmates) your arrival in a small town. You will get o ff a bus or train, greet people, introduce yourself, ask and answer questions about place of origin, get directions about hotels, shops, o

  ffices, etc., talk about food and where you can eat, and respond gratefully or negatively to an invitation to go somewhere. Aims of Lesson 1

• To learn about some of the basic di

  fferences between Indonesian and English.

• To practice some common greetings and initial smalltalk.

  Illustration: Fulan visits Bedu. Bedu tries to hide a piece of bread (roti) from Fulan but the bread is grabbed by his dog (anjing): 1. “Good morning, Bedu” “Oh, it’s Fulan” 2. “C’mon in, Fulan, take a seat.” “Thanks” 3. “How’s it going, Lan? You’re okay, aren’t you?” 4. “I’m okay, but it seems your bread isn’t.” (Adapted from: IniiiS Dagelan Petruk Gareng VI, Semarang, Loka Tjipta, p.23)

  

Indonesian is Different

  Indonesian belongs to the Austronesian language family. Many of the basic features of the language are very di fferent to the basic features of English (which be- longs to the Indo-European language family). Let’s glance at just a few of these di

  fferences. As a beginning point look at these English sentences.

  

This is a big farm. It has five barns.

Imagine how you would say these sentences if you were not allowed to use the word “is” (a form of the verb “to be”), or the indefinite article “a”, or the pronoun “it”, or the word “has” (a form

  of the verb “to have”). Imagine also that “big” must come after “farm”, not before it. Imagine too that “barn” doesn’t have a plural form, that is, you can’t add “-s” to it.

  Indonesian doesn’t have a verb “to be”, it doesn’t have articles (words like “a”, “the”, “some” and “any”), and it doesn’t really have a pronoun “it”, at least not in the subject position in a sen- tence. As for adjectives (words like “fat”, fast”, “big” etc.), in Indonesian they come after nouns (as they do in French), and nouns are the same in the plural as they are in the singular (like the English noun sheep and nouns in Japanese).

  The sounds of Indonesian are di fferent too. Indonesian doesn’t have a /th/ sound, or (for most speakers) a /f/ sound. On the other hand most Indonesians roll or trill the /r/ sound, and they pro- nounce /t/ without aspiration (without a little hiss or pu

  ff of breath) so that it sounds a bit like the English sound /d/. Even the meanings of words in Indonesian are often (in fact usually) somewhat di

  fferent from their counterparts in English. Take the English word “farm” for example. Strange as it may seem, Indonesian doesn’t have a word that corresponds exactly to the English “farm”. Even common English words, like for example the verb “to have”, are often very di

  fficult to render aptly in Indonesian. In short, if you want to say the two sentences above in authentic Indonesian you have to let go of many basic features of English, and this is not easy to do. It is very important for you to accept that Indonesian is di fferent, and to work as hard as you can to imitate it accurately, and ultimately to see it as normal. As soon as you can, you must “for- get” English: its grammar, its pronunciation, the range of meaning of its words. Remember that what seems (at first) strange to you is perfectly clear, normal and logical to Indonesian speakers.

  Already in the very first steps of study you will experience that Indonesian is different. In the dialogue that follows, you will notice that in Indonesian we don’t ask What is your name? but WHO is your name? Also, in English we say “your name” (your comes in front of name), but in the counterpart Indonesian expression the word order is reversed. You say “name (of) you” (nama

  Anda). The Indonesian for “please” is also di

  fficult. Indonesian doesn’t have a single exact equi- valent for our word please but several di fferent words. The word silakan in the dialogue below is just one of three or four di

  fferent “please-words” in Indonesian. Silakan means something like feel free to... or sometimes help yourself to... If you want to say “Please open the window” or “Could I have a kilo of rice, please” you have to choose di

  fferent please-words to make your request po- lite. (These are studied later in the book.) And when Indonesians want to thank someone they say (translated literally) receive a ffection (terima kasih).

  Introducing Yourself

  Now listen to the following short dialogue ( Sound File 001-01) for two or three times. Then read it, and say it out loud several times until the words roll reasonably smoothly o

  ff your tongue. Compare the Indonesian with the English translation, and observe how In- donesians say things very di fferently from English speakers.

  Benny: Kenalkan, saya Benny. Siapa May I introduce myself: I am nama Anda? Benny. What is your name? Paulus: Saya Paulus. I am Paulus. Benny: Silakan masuk, Paulus. Silakan Please come in, Paulus. Please sit duduk. down. Paulus: Terima kasih. Thank you. Benny: Silakan minum. Silakan makan. Please help yourself to a drink.

  Please have something to eat. Paulus: Terima kasih. Thank you.

  Now cover the left column of the dialogue and practise it without looking at the Indonesian text.

  Exercise 01-01 Fill in the bubbles in the following dialogue with a word or phrase appropriate to the picture.

The personal names you choose should be Indonesian names and should be appropriately male or female as indicated in the picture. (You may need to ask around or do a little research to find

  appropriate Indonesian names. If you can’t immediately think of enough authentic Indonesian names, go to a library or to the internet and copy down some of the personal names you can re- cognise in Indonesian publications.)

  Kenalkan, saya Budi. Siapa nama Anda? …............... — Nama saya Sri Utami. — .......................

  Silakan ......... Silakan .........

  Silakan ......... Silakan .........

  Morning, Noon and Night

  Another di fference between Indonesian and English is to be found in the way the two lan- guages divide up reality into somewhat di

  fferent categories. Indeed, if we look at the meanings of English words and Indonesian words, very few words in the core vocabulary of one language have exactly the same meaning in the other language.

  Take, for example, the terms used to refer to times of the day. In English we have morning, af- ternoon, evening, night and a number of other terms. In Indonesian we have pagi (from pre-dawn until around 10 or 11:00), siang (from around 11:00. to around 14–15:00), sore (from 15:00 to nightfall) and malam (from nightfall to dawn).

  Preceded by the word selamat, all the above terms can be used in greetings.

Selamat pagi

  Good morning (until about 11:00)

Selamat siang

  Good afternoon (until about 14:00) or perhaps more accurately Good late morning and/or afternoon

Selamat sore

  Good (late) afternoon/Good (early) evening (until about 18:00)

Selamat malam

  Good evening / Good night (until about midnight)

  Ucapan / Pronunciation

  The letter /e/ in Indonesian is often pronounced as a neutral vowel sound that occurs in unstressed position and which is known as the schwa (denoted by the IPA symbol

  ə). Even though the schwa is a com- mon sound in English, there is no single grapheme (“letter”) that repres- ented by ‘a’ in adept, by ‘e’ in synthesis, by ‘i’ in decimal, by ‘o’ in harmony, by ‘u’ in medium, and by ‘y’ in syringe! Now listen to selamat pagi, selamat siang, selamat sore, and selamat malam and notice that the schwa is pronounced so weak in these words that you can hardly hear it (

  Sound File 001-02).

  Pak & Bu

  Here are a couple of examples of this from a primary school textbook showing how children and adults greet each other.

  When you are greeting someone in Indonesia it is polite to acknowledge that person’s status and use a title. For example, you would greet your own father, or any man who is mature in years with the title Pak. Similarly you would greet your own mother, or any woman who is mature in years, with the title Bu. If you are greeting someone your own age whom you know very well, or if you are greeting a child whom you know well, you can just say that person’s name.

  Dialogue 1

  When two adults who know each other, but not particularly well, meet each other they might greet each other and exchange a few words as follows. Learn this dialogue (

  Sound

File 001-03) by heart. (Check the vocabulary cards for this lesson if you don’t recognise a

  word.) Selamat pagi, Bu. Selamat pagi, Pak.

  Apa kabar? Baik-baik saja. Dialogue 2

  When two young adults who know each other well meet each other they might greet each other and exchange a few words as follows. Learn this dialogue (

  Sound File 001-04) by heart.

  Selamat sore, Iwan. Selamat sore, Nur. Apa kabar? Biasa saja.

  Ucapan / Pronunciation

  In English there are stressed and unstressed syllables. For example, if you say the phrase “a car park” it has three beats, the first is weak (un- stressed) and the second and third are strong (stressed).

  Indonesian also has stressed and unstressed syllables, though the patterns of stress are somewhat di fferent to those of English. In Indone- sian there is roughly even stress on each syllable with a slightly stronger stress on the second-to-last syllable in a word. An important exception to this general rule is giv- en in Lesson Two. So apa is pronounced /

  Ā.pā/, malam is pronounced /MĀ.lām/, siapa is pro- nounced /see.Y Ā.pā/ and so on.

  Try pronouncing these words and phrases. Each syllable should be roughly equal in length, and there should be slightly stronger stress on the second-to-last syllable in each word. Check your pronunciation by listening to Sound File 001-05.

  ➢ apa ➢ Apa kabar Maman? ➢ malam ➢ Siapa nama Anda? ➢ siapa ➢ Medan ➢ Anda ➢ Denpasar ➢ silakan ➢ Semarang

  Latihan 1 Listening—Menyimak Listen to

Sound Files 001-06 to fill in the blanks with the following words:

  Apa kabar—biasa—kabar—saja—sore

  1. Greetings with Acquaintances A Selamat ___________, Bu B Selamat sore, Pak A Apa ___________? B Baik-baik ___________.

  2. Greetings with Friends A Selamat sore, Iwan.

  B Selamat sore, Nur A ___________? B ___________ saja.

  Latihan 2 Greetings—Mengucapkan Selamat Choose which of the following greetings matches the time frame:

  Selamat pagi—Selamat siang—Selamat sore—Selamat malam 1. Good evening (from nightfall to after midnight) ........................................................................

  2. Good (late) afternoon / Good (early) evening ............................................................................

  3. Good (late) morning / Good afternoon (until about 14:00) ........................................................

  4. Good morning ..........................................................................................................................

  Latihan 3 Listening—Menyimak Listen to

  Sound File 001-07. Write down the word/phrase using correct spelling. No. 6-12 are the names of Indonesian cities. Some of them might be new to you. Item 6 is the capital of Bali, 7 the capital of Central Java, 8 the capital of Indonesia, 9 the capital of West Java, 10

the capital of East Java, 11 the largest town on the island of Flores, and 12 is a city in

Central Java which is also known as Solo.

  1. ________________ 7. ________________ 2. ________________ 8. ________________ 3. ________________ 9. ________________ 4. ________________ 10. ________________ 5. ________________ 11. ________________ 6. ________________ 12. ________________

  Latihan 4—Time of the Day If you meet someone, what greeting (selamat pagi, selamat siang, selamat sore or selamat malam) would you use at the times indicated? Choose the appropriate greeting to use at the time given.

Latihan 5 Matching—Menjodohkan Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan

  Match the items on the left to their Indonesian translation on the right.

  1. Silakan duduk.

  a. May I introduce myself? 2. Terima kasih.

  b. Please sit down.

  3. Silakan minum.

  c. Please come in.

  4. Silakan makan.

  d. Please help yourself to a drink.

  5. Kenalkan.

  e. Thank you.

  6. Siapa nama Anda? f. Please have something to eat.

  7. Saya Paulus.

  g. What is your name? 8. Silakan masuk.

  h. I am Paulus.

Latihan 6 Matching—Menjodohkan Jodohkan pertanyaan di sebelah kiri dengan jawabannya di sebelah kanan

  Match the question on the left to an appropriate answer on the right.

  1. Apa kabar? a. Terima kasih.

  2. Silakan masuk.

  b. Nama saya Irwan.

  3. Siapa nama Anda? c. Selamat sore, Bu.

  4. Selamat sore, Pak.

  d. Baik-baik saja.

Latihan 7 Crossword—Teka Teki Silang (TTS)

  Across:

  2. I, me, my 3. usual, ordinary 5. who 7. to enter 8. from around 11:00 to around 14:00.

  10. from nightfall to after midnight 11. may I introduce Down: 1. name 2. just, only 4. to sit 5. please (go ahead and...) 6. from pre-dawn until around

  11:00 7. to drink 8. from about 15:00 to nightfall 9. good, okay, that’s fine Where Are You From? Aims of Lesson 2

• To practise asking where a person comes from
• To get to know the Indonesian names for a number of countries

  Vocabulary Review

  Here are some of the frequent words used in this lesson that have appeared in the previous lesson.

  Anda you, your pagi early (in the morning) biasa usual, ordinary siapa who? duduk to sit kabar news apa kabar? how are you? kenalkan allow me to introduce... nama a name

  Iwan: Selamat pagi, Nur. Apa kabar? Nur: Baik-baik saja. Nur: Kenalkan, ini Erna dari Medan. Iwan: Apa kabar, Erna? Erna: Baik. Maaf, siapa nama Anda? Iwan: O maaf. Saya Iwan. Erna: Anda berasal dari mana, Iwan? Iwan: Saya dari Lombok. Erna: Dari Lombok? Jauh sekali! Nur: Silakan duduk, Iwan. Iwan: Terima kasih.

  02

Getting a Conversation Going Watch 002-Video and then study the following transcript of the video clip

  Dialogue

Do the following exercise without looking at the transcription. Instead we have provid-

ed you with an English translation of the same dialog. Try to repeat the dialog you heard in the movie. Then listen to Sound File 002-01 to check whether you got it right. Keep on trying till the entire dialogue comes smoothly o

  ff your tongue.

  Iwan: Good morning, Nur. How are you?

Nur: Just fine

  Nur: Let me introduce; this is Erna from Medan. Iwan: How are you Erna? Erna: Good. Sorry, what was your name? Iwan: I’m sorry. I am Iwan.

  Erna: Where are you from, Iwan? Iwan: I’m from Lombok. Erna: From Lombok? That’s far away! Nur: Take a seat, Iwan. Iwan: Thank you.

  Asking Where Someone Comes From

  There are two slightly di fferent ways to ask “Where are you from?” in Indonesian. You can say

  

Anda berasal dari mana? In relaxed conversation you can drop berasal and simply say Anda dari

mana? although in some contexts this phrase can also mean “Where have you just come from?”

  When someone tells you where they come from you can respond by saying O begitu (Is that so? Really!) followed by the question Saya kira Anda dari… (I thought you were from…). Or you can express incredulity or crass surprise by saying Hah? again followed by the question Saya kira

  Anda dari… (I thought you were from…) Dialogue

  Study this fragment of a conversation (Sound File 002-02). Learn it by heart. Notice the two slightly di fferent, but equally correct and common ways of asking where someone comes from.

  Notice also how you can express surprise or incredulity, and how you can give corrected informa- tion about where you come from.

  A Anda berasal dari mana? B Saya berasal dari Mesir. A Hah? Dari Mesir! Saya kira Anda dari Arab Saudi!

  B Tidak. Saya dari Mesir. Anda dari mana? A Saya dari sini. Names of Countries Listen to Sound File 002-03 and write down the names of the countries that you hear. Then translate them into English. Try to guess first what country it is before you look up the name in a dictionary.

  

Indonesian Name English Name

Exercise 02-01

  Answer each of the questions “Siapa nama Anda?” and “Anda berasal dari mana?” with a com- plete sentence. The first of each pair of questions should be answered with a complete sentence containing an authentic ethnic personal name, e.g. Ahmed, John, Giovanni, Dimitri, Akiko, Sergio etc. The second question in each pair should be answered with a complete sentence containing the Indonesian name of the country the person comes from. Refer to the map for the names of countries. Cover a variety of countries. Do the exercise orally over and over again until all the words come smoothly and correctly. Then write five mini dialogues following the example below:

  Bambang Siapa nama Anda? Henk Nama saya Henk. Bambang Anda berasal dari mana? Henk Saya berasal dari Belanda. OR Saya dari Belanda.

  Exercise 02-02

  In each of these mini-dialogues there are two speakers. You take the role of the second speak- er. In the second line, say the name of the country where you think the first speaker comes from, then after you have been corrected, give your own country of origin in the last line. Say the sen- tences out loud taking care to get the Indonesian pronunciation of country names correct. Study the example first.

  Saya berasal dari Rusia.

  Hah? Saya kira Anda berasal dari ___Jerman __.

  Tidak, saya berasal dari Rusia. Anda berasal dari mana? Saya berasal dari _Singapura_.

  1. Kenalkan, saya Shun. Saya dari Cina.

  Hah? Saya kira Anda dari __________!

  Tidak, saya dari Cina. Anda berasal dari mana? Saya dari ____________.

  2. Saya berasal dari Belanda.

  O begitu, Saya kira Anda berasal dari __________.

  Tidak. Saya berasal dari Belanda. Anda dari mana? Saya dari ____________.

  3. Nama saya Sarah. Saya dari Australia.

  Dari Australia? Saya kira Anda dari __________.

  Tidak, saya dari Australia. Dan Anda? Anda berasal dari mana?

  Saya dari __________. Jauh dari sini! 4. Selamat pagi. Nama saya Herman. Saya dari Indonesia. O begitu. Saya kira Anda dari __________.

  Tidak. Saya dari Indonesia. Anda dari mana? Jauh dari Indonesia. Saya dari __________.

  5. Saya berasal dari Prancis, jauh dari sini.

  Dari Prancis? Saya kira Anda berasal dari __________.

  Tidak. Saya dari Prancis. Anda berasal dari mana? Saya? Saya berasal dari __________.

Ucapan: Pronouncing Indonesian Vowels

  As mentioned in Lesson One, in Indonesian there is roughly even stress on each syllable with – in most, but far from all cases – a slightly heavier stress on the second-to-last syllable. One exception to this rule occurs when a word has an unstressed “e” in it (refer to the previous lesson), like the “e” in the English words “later” and “after” or the “e” sounds in “phe-

  nomenon”. When this kind of “e” appears in an Indonesian word, the following syllable is usually stressed, even when that syllable is the last syllable in a word.

  Listen to Sound File 002-04 for some examples:

  terima—kenalkan—Jepang—Mesir

  Vowels in Indonesian are normally pronounced “pure”, that is they don’t tend towards diph- thongs as is often the case in English. Listen to Sound File 002-05 and then practise saying these words without twisting or distorting the vowel sounds:

  Cina—Prancis—saya—biasa—Yunani—Australia—Indonesia Peta Dunia (World Map) Study this map and memorise the Indonesian names for the following countries.

  Latihan 1—Kosa Kata Lalu

Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.—Match the

items on the left to their translation on the right.

  1. How many people participate in the dialog? Two, four, or three?

  7. Where is Iwan from? From Bali, Lombok, or Medan?

  6. What is the second question that Erna asks Iwan? “How are you?”, “What is your name?”, or “Where are you from?”

  4. Who introduces Erna? Iwan or Nur? 5.

  3. What greeting does Iwan say to Nur when he first sees her? Good morning, good afternoon or good night?

  Selamat pagi, Nur. Apa kabar? _______________. Kenalkan, ini Erna dari Medan. _______________, Erna? Baik. Maaf. Siapa nama Anda? O maaf. Nama saya Iwan. Anda berasal _______________ Iwan? Saya dari Lombok. Dari Lombok? _______________ sekali! Silakan duduk, Iwan _______________.

  2. Fill in the blanks of missing phrases in the conversation below based on the sound recording.

  Latihan 2—Percakapan Dengarkan rekaman dan jawablah pertanyaan berikut.—Listen to Sound File 002-01 to answer the following questions.

  1. Anda

  h. you, your

  8. siapa

  f. to sit 7. pagi g. good, fine

  e. usual, ordinary, normal 6. nama

  d. who? 5. kenalkan

  b. early (in the morning) 3. duduk c. allow me to introduce... 4. baik

  a. a name 2. biasa

What is the first question that Erna asks Iwan? “How are you?”, “What is your name?”, or “Where are you from?”

  8. Is Lombok far from Medan?

  9. Does Nur invite Iwan for a cup of co ffee? 10.

Can you fill in the blanks without listening to the sound file again?

  _______________, Nur. Apa kabar? Baik-baik saja. _______________, ini Erna dari Medan. Apa kabar, Erna? Baik. Maaf, _______________ nama Anda? O maaf. Saya Iwan. Anda _______________ dari mana, Iwan? Saya dari Lombok. Dari Lombok? Wah jauh sekali! _______________ duduk, Iwan. Terima kasih.

  Latihan 3—Menjodohkan

Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.—Match the

items on the left to their translation on the right.

  1. Inggris

  a. The Philippines

  2. Belanda

  b. Saudi Arabia

  3. Jerman

  c. Greece

  4. Rusia

  d. Egypt

  5. Jepang

  e. New Zealand

  6. Cina

  f. China

  7. Filipina

  g. Singapore

  8. Selandia Baru

  h. Holland, The Netherlands

  9. Singapura i. Russia

  10. Arab Saudi j. Germany

  11. Mesir k. Japan

  12. Yunani l. Italy

  13. Italia m. The United States of America

  14. Prancis n. England, the United Kingdom

  15. Amerika Serikat o. France

  Latihan 4—Menyimak dan Menulis Listen to Sound File 002-06 and write down the name of the seven countries you hear.

  1

  4

  7

  2

  5

  3

  

Jodohkan kalimat di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.—Match the

sentences on the left to their translations on the right.

  1. Anda berasal dari mana? a. I thought you were from Germany.

  2. Saya berasal dari Mesir.

  b. Where do you come from? 3. Saya kira Anda dari Jerman.

  c. I am from here.

  4. Saya dari sini.

  d. No.

  5. Tidak.

  e. I come from Egypt.

Latihan 6—Pertanyaan dan Jawaban

  Imagine you are taking part in a conversation with an Indonesian you have just met. How would you respond to each of the sentences spoken to you by your new Indonesian acquaintance. Match the most probable Indonesian response to each statement.

  1. Silakan duduk.

  a. Selamat pagi.

  2. Anda berasal dari mana? b. Baik-baik saja.

  3. Oh, saya kira Anda dari Rusia.

  c.

Nama saya Safia

  4. Kenalkan saya Maryam. Siapa nama Anda? d. Saya berasal dari Mesir.

  5. Apa kabar? e. Tidak. Saya dari Mesir.

  6. Selamat pagi.

  f. Terima kasih.

Latihan 7—Isian Lengkapilah kalimat-kalimat berikut.—Complete the following sentences

  1. “Let me introduce, this is Yuyun from Surabaya.” _________, ini Yuyun _________ Surabaya. 2. “Where do you come from?”

  Anda _________ dari mana? 3. “I come from Egypt.” Saya berasal dari _________.

  4. “I’m not from Egypt but I am from here.” Saya _________ dari Mesir tetapi _________ dari sini. 5. “I thought you were from Saudi Arabia.” Saya _________ Anda dari Arab Saudi.

Latihan 8—Teka Teki Silang (TTS)

  Across

  1. France

  4. Egypt

  6. Holland, The Netherlands 7. far away

  9. Greece 11. may I introduce... Down

  2. name 3. early (in the morning) 5. who 6. usual, normal 8. to sit

  10. I am sorry, I apologise

  

Talking About Buildings And Places

Aims of Lesson 3

• To gain familiarity with the terms for some commonly encountered buildings and places and to practise using them in simple conversations

  Here are some of the frequent words used in this lesson that have appeared in previous lessons. Make sure that you remember their mean- ings.

  Anda you, your pagi early (in the morning) dari mana from where siang 2 hrs before & after noon o begitu oh, I see sore late afternoon, evening saya kira I think malam evening, night

  More Conversation Starters

  When two English-speakers who already know each other meet casually, they often make con- versation by talking about the weather. Indonesians don’t usually do this (although they do some- times). Very often Indonesians who know each other will greet each other by asking “Where are you going?” or “Where are you coming from?” This question is not seen as nosey or impolite. You can answer it truthfully and in detail if you want to, but it is not usually impolite to give a vague, even evasive, answer. Look at these useful phrases:

  Mau ke mana?

  Where are you going? (Literally: “Want to where?”)

  Dari mana?

  Where are you coming from? Where have you just been? (Literally: “From where?”) Depending on the question, your answer should begin either with ke (to) or dari (from).

  Pabrik Kina © Katong

  03

Vocabulary Review

  Exercise 03-01

  Referring where necessary to this lesson’s word list, label each of these pictures with its ap- propriate Indonesian name. Choose from the following words: rumah—gedung—toko—sekolah—

  mesjid—gereja—pasar—pabrik—rumah sakit—kantor

Dialogue: Putting Places into a Conversation Study the following dialogue (Sound File 003-01) and try to learn it by heart

  Bu Puji Selamat pagi, Bu Nia. Apa kabar? Bu Nia O, Bu Puji. Baik-baik saja, Bu. Bu Puji Mau ke mana, Bu? Bu Nia Ke sekolah. Anda dari mana, Bu Puji? Bu Puji Dari rumah saja, Bu.

  Bu Nia Dari rumah? Saya kira Anda dari kantor. Bu Puji Tidak. Dari rumah saja. Bu Nia O begitu. Mau ke mana? Bu Puji Ke pabrik, Bu.

  Bu Nia O begitu. Mari, Bu. Bu Puji Mari. Selamat pagi Bu Nia Selamat pagi.

  Cara Indonesia: You and Bu

  Notice that in the above dialogue some sentences have no word for “you” (Anda): Mau ke mana, Bu?

  Where are (you) heading for, Ma'am?

  Ellipsis of subject frequently occurs, especially in colloquial Indonesian. A subject can be omit- ted if it is clear from context, such as "you" in the above example. Notice also how Bu is used. Bu, an abbreviated form of ibu, can be a title, often equivalent to the English “Mrs”, although Bu can apply to unmarried women as well, especially if they are past their mid-twenties in age. It can even apply to younger unmarried women if they are regarded as having high status (like a school teacher, for example). When Bu is used as a title, it is usually fol- lowed by the name of the person concerned (as is the case with the English “Mrs”). Eh, Bu Adam.

  Mau ke mana? = “Well, Mrs Adam! Where are you going?” Bu can also be a formal or semi-formal term of address when you are talking to any older or

  mature woman. In this case it means something like the (now rarely heard) English “ma’am” or “madam”. Selamat pagi, Bu. Dari mana? = “Good morning, ma’am. Where have you just been?”

  Pak, short for bapak, is also used like Bu as a title and term of address. As a title it is roughly

  equivalent to the English “Mr” followed the person’s name, and as a term of address is rather formal, roughly corresponding to the English “sir” (though it is not quite as formal as “sir”).

  Selamat malam, Pak. Mau ke mana? = “Good evening, sir. Where are you o

  ff to?” Students in Indonesia usually address each other using the informal second person pronoun

  

kamu but only when they speak to someone who is either of same age or younger. if they address

  someone from a higher level, they use terms of address such as mbak (for elder female) or mas (for elder male). This is the convention followed in Java. On other islands di

  fferent terms of ad- dresses are used.

  Exercise 03-02

  Answer each of the following questions. Your answer should contain the Indonesian word for a place and should begin with dari or ke, depending on which of these words appears in the ques- tion. Cite as many di

  fferent kinds of buildings or places as you can in your answers

  1. Mau ke mana?

  Ucapan: Pronouncing the Indonesian /r/

  Mesir Inggris pasar

  ➢ With /r/ in a final position ➢ With /r/ in a consonant cluster

  Selandia Baru

  rumah terima Rusia gereja restoran

  ➢ With /r/ in an initial position ➢ With /r/ in a medial position

  You may also want to consider getting some help on rolling your /r/. One useful site is http://www.wikihow.com/Roll-Your-%22R%22s. First listen to Sound File 003-02, then try saying these words with a good, strong rolled /r/.

  In Indonesia, most people (but by no means all people) trill or roll the consonant /r/. Some English-speaking learners find this hard to do, but if you can succeed in doing it your Indonesian will sound much more au- thentic. If you find the trilled /r/ difficult to produce, try exaggerating it first, making a loud purring noise whenever you meet an /r/ sound. After a while, when you have mastered the trill and it has become a habit, you can cut back on the exaggeration.

  10. Selamat malam, Bu. Dari mana?

  2. Selamat sore, Jenny. Mau ke mana?

  9. Eh, Pak Pattinasarani. Mau ke mana, Pak?

  8. Apa kabar, Pak Yohannes. Dari mana?

  7. Selamat pagi, Bu Aminah. Mau ke mana?

  6. Hai, Marten. Mau ke mana?

  5. Dari mana, Pak Hendrik?

  4. Selamat siang, Nur. Mau ke mana?

  3. Selamat malam, Pak Tukan. Dari mana?

  Jerman kantor pabrik Latihan 1—Kosa Kata Lalu

Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.—Match the

items on the left to their translations on the right.

  Anda from late morning to mid afternoon dari mana late afternoon malam I think that.., I thought O begitu Is that so? I see. Really. pagi you, your saya kira early (in the morning) siang night, evening sore where from

  Latihan 2—Menyimak: Pemahaman

Jawablah pertanyaan berikut sesuai dengan rekaman.—Listen to Sound File 003-01 to

answer the following comprehension questions.

  1. How does Bu Puji greet Bu Nia?

  A. Good morning

  B. Good afternoon

  C. Good night

  2. How does Bu Puji ask Bu Nia where she is going?

  A. Apa kabar?

  B. Mau ke mana, Bu?

  C. Anda dari mana, Bu Puji?

  D. Dari rumah?

  3. Where is Bu Nia going?

  A. School

  B. O ffice

  C. Factory

  D. Sports centre

  4. Where is Bu Puji coming from?

  A. School

  B. Home

  C. O ffice

  D. Factory

  5. Where did Bu Nia think that Bu Puji was coming from?

  A. School

  B. O ffice

  C. Home

  6. Where is Bu Puji going?

  A. School

  B. O ffice

  C. Factory

  D. Home

  7. How does Bu Nia say goodbye to Bu Puji? A. O begitu.

  B. Mau ke mana? C. Mari, Bu.

  Latihan 3—Isian: Menyimak Percakapan Lengkapi teks berikut dengan memilih kata yang tepat sesuai dengan rekaman.—Listen to

Sound File 003-01 and fill in the blanks

  Bu Puji Selamat __________, Bu Nia. Apa kabar? Bu Nia O, Bu Puji. Baik-baik __________, Bu Bu Puji Mau __________ mana, Bu? Bu Nia Ke sekolah. __________ dari mana, Bu Puji? Bu Puji Dari __________ saja, Bu.

  Bu Nia Dari rumah? Saya kira Anda dari __________. Bu Puji Tidak. Dari rumah saja. Bu Nia O __________. Mau ke mana? Bu Puji Ke __________, Bu.

  Bu Nia O begitu. __________, Bu. Bu Puji Mari

  Latihan 4—Rangkai Kata Urutkan kata-kata berikut.—Reorder the Indonesian words below to say:

  1. “I thought you were coming from the o ffice.” Saya—Anda—kira—dari—kantor.

  2. “I thought you were sitting at the restaurant.” Saya—di—kira—Anda—duduk—restoran. 3. “I would like to go to school.” Saya—ke—mau—sekolah. 4. “Good morning, where would you like to go?”

  Selamat—ke—mau—pagi,—mana? 5. “My mother would like to go to the market.”

  Latihan 5—Kosa Kata

Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.—Match the

items on the left to their translations on the right.

  1. rumah

  a. o ffice

  2. gedung

  b. mosque 3. toko

  c. restaurant 4. sekolah

  d. a building 5. mesjid

  e. market 6. gereja

  f. school 7. pasar

  g. a house, someone ʼs home

  8. pabrik

  h. a shop 9. restoran i. church

  10. kantor j. factory

Latihan 6—Teka Teki Silang (TTS)

  Across 1 late afternoon 3 factory 6 church 7 market 11 building 12 night 13 a shop 14 house, home Down: 1 late morning to mid afternoon 2 restaurant 4 you, your 5 mosque 8 school 9 early (in the morning) 10 o

  ffice Aims

• To practise asking and answering questions that have a simple “yes” or “no” answer. To take the first steps in
• expressing personal preferences.
• To learn the names of some common foods and drinks

  Foto: Warung makan di Sungai Martapura, Kalimantan Selatan. ©Tjetjep Rustandi

  Vocabulary Review

  Here are some of the frequent words used in this lesson that have appeared in previous les- sons. Make sure that you remember their meanings. duduk to sit minum to drink gereja church pasar market kantor o rumah house

  ffice makan to eat saya I, me mau want toko shop

  “Real” Verbs and “Helper” Verbs

  Like English, Indonesian has a number of “helper” verbs. These are verb-like words that very often go together with another “real” verb. Some very commonly used helper-verbs in Indonesian are akan (will), suka (like), mau (want) and bisa (can). A less common, but formal equivalent of bisa is dapat (can). Example: You hear: “Saya akan tinggal di rumah.” (I will stay at home) == “makan” You repeat: “Saya akan makan di rumah.” (I will eat at home)

  Preferably you should do this drill orally using

  Sound File 004-01. But you can also do the substitu-

  tion drill without the sound file: The changed word is given in the list on the right. Place a card over the sentences and cue words. Move the card down and expose the first sentence.

Say the sentence out loud, confidently and smoothly

  Now look at the cue word on the right. Don't move the card down yet. In your mind, insert the cue word into the sentence you have just read, substituting it for one of the words in the sentence so that you pro- duce a new, slightly changed, but still correct sen- tence. Move the card down exposing the next line, and check that you got your new sentence right. Now make another new sentence using the new cue word that has come into view on the right. Proceed in this way until you have completed the whole se- quence of sentences. Repeat the sequence as many times as necessary until you can produce all the sentences correctly first time, pronouncing them smoothly, and understanding instantly what each one means.

  Saya akan tinggal di rumah. Saya akan makan di rumah. Saya akan makan di restoran. Saya suka makan di restoran. Saya suka makan di rumah makan. Saya mau makan di rumah makan. Saya mau minum di rumah makan. Saya mau duduk di rumah makan. Saya suka duduk di rumah makan. Saya akan duduk di rumah makan. Saya akan duduk di pasar. Saya akan minum di pasar. Saya akan minum di rumah. Saya dapat minum di rumah. Saya dapat minum di kantor. Saya dapat makan di kantor. makan restoran suka rumah makan mau minum duduk suka akan pasar minum rumah dapat kantor makan mau

  Saya bisa makan di kantor. Saya bisa tinggal di kantor. Saya bisa tinggal di pabrik. Saya mau tinggal di pabrik. Saya mau tinggal di rumah. Saya suka tinggal di rumah. Saya suka makan di rumah. Saya suka makan di sekolah. Saya suka makan di toko. Saya suka makan di pasar. Saya suka minum di pasar tinggal pabrik mau rumah suka makan sekolah toko pasar minum

  Cara Indonesia: Warung, Rumah Makan, Restoran & Resto

  Indonesians love to dine out and there is hardly any street where there is not a food outlet. The simplest eateries are called warung. These are either stationary or they are erected in the late af- ternoon. A meal in such a food stall usually costs the equivalent of 1-2 Euro. The most common term for restaurant is rumah makan and refers to stationary restaurants with chairs rather than wooden benches. The term rumah makan can refer to a cheap restaurant not much di

  fferent from a warung but can also refer to high-class restaurants. The Dutch loanword restoran is sometimes reserved for better restaurants.

  You will also see restaurants that are called resto. These are trendy restaurants with menus en- tirely in English. They tend to be expensive, and often serve foreign food. Examples are Samarra:

  Satay and Wine Resto and Naniura Sushi Bar & Resto in Jakarta or Bawean Resto in Bandung.

  Exercise 04-01

  Good Indonesian food! How many di fferent foods can you identify here? Study the vocabulary cards for this lesson carefully, then label the picture with Indonesian terms for the various items you recognise. Exercise 04-02 Air—teh—pisang—nasi—ikan—daging— susu—kopi—telur Utter the words of the nine items above.

  Each item gives you the name of a com- mon food or drink. Insert this word after the verb makan or minum in a sentence like the sentences practised in the substitution ex- ercise above. For example, if the cue word i s ikan you might write something like:

  Saya suka makan ikan di pasar. Write one sentence for each item.

  Asking “Yes or No?”

  If you want to ask a question in Indonesian that demands an “either/or” answer – usually YES or NO – you begin the question with the word apakah. Apakah can often be regarded as more or less equivalent to the English “Do you...?” or “Are you...?” or “Isn’t it that...?”. For example, in English we can ask “Do you like to drink co

  ffee?” The answer to this is either “Yes” or “No” (which is why we call this kind of question a “yes/no question”). The equivalent question in Indonesian begins with apakah. Study these examples.