Studi Fluoresensi Klorofil dan Hubungannya Dengan Kandungan Hara Nitrogen dan Magnesium Pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Afrousheh, M., H. Hokmabadi. H. Hosseini M. and Afrousheh M.. 2010. Effect of
nitrogen, iron, magnesium, manganese and molybdenum deficiencies
on biochemical and ecophysiological characteristics of pistachio
seedling (Pistacia vera). In : XIV GREMPA Meeting on Pistachios and
Almonds. Zaragoza. pp. 53-63.
Barwinsky, M. A. and Remphrey, W. R. 1993. An assessment of the relationship
between chlorophyll extraction, visual rating and SPAD-502 values for
evaluation of lime-induced iron chlorosis in Amur Maple [unpublished
paper]. http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca. [28 Maret 2013].
van den Berg, A. K., and Perkins T. D. 2004. Evaluation of a portable chlorophyll
meter to estimate chlorophyll and nitrogen contents in sugar maple
(Acer saccharum Marsh.) leaves. Forest Ecology and Management 200.
pp. 113–117.
Biber, P. D. 2012. Leaf wand for measuring chlorophyll fluorescence on
cylindrical leaves and its application on Juncus roemerianus (Black
Needlerush). American Journal of Plant Science, 3 : 75-83.
Biswal, B. 2005. Photosynthetic response of green plants to environmental stress :
Inhibition of photosynthetic and adaptational mechanisms. In :
Handbook of Photosynthesis. Taylor & Francis. USA. pp. 730-740.
Bojović, B. and Marković, A. 2009. Correlation between nitrogen and chlorophyll
content in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Kragujevac J. Sci. 31. pp. 6974.
Corley, R. H. V. and Tinker, P. B. 2003. The Oil Palm – World Agricultural
Series. Fourth Edition. Blackwell Publishing. USA.
[Duniaindustri]. 2012. Luas lahan sawit Indonesia 9,27 juta hektare. Dunia
Industri. http://www.duniaindustri.com. [10 Maret 2013].
Foster, H. L. and Prabowo, N. E. 2002. Overcoming the limitations of foliar
diagnosis in oil palms. In: International Oil Palm Conference
Proceeding. Enhancing Oil Palm Industry Development Trough
Environmentally Friendly Technology. Nusa Dua Bali. pp. 269-281.
Gitelson, A. A., Buschmann, C. and Lichtenthaler, H. K. 1999. The chlorophyll
fluorescence ratio F735/F700 as an accurate measure of the chlorophyll
content in plants. Remote Sensing of Environment 69 (3) : 296.
69
70
Goh, K. J. and Hardter, R. 2003. General oil palm nutrition. In: Oil Palm –
Management for large and sustainable yields. Fairhurst. T. and Hardter.
R. International Potash Institute.
Goh, K. J. and Teo, C. B. 2008. Agronomic principles and practices of fertilizer
management of oil palm. In: Proceedings of Agronomic Crop Trust
(ACT) – Agronomic Principles and Practices of Oil Palm Cultivation.
Kuala Lumpur. pp. 157-210.
Heldt, Hans-Walter and Piechulla, B. 2011. Plant biochemistry fourth edition.
Academic Press.
Henson, I. E. and Choong, K. W. 2000. Oil palm productivity and its component
processes. In : Advances in Oil Palm Research Vol. I. Malaysian Palm
Oil Board. Ministry of Primary Industries. Malaysia. 97-145.
Khaleghi, K., Arzani, K., Moallemi, N. and Barzegar, M. 2012. Evaluation of
chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and
relationships between chlorophyll a, b and chlorophyll content index
under water stress in Olea europaea cv. Dezful. World Academy of
Science, Engineering and Technology 68. pp. 1154-1157.
Lelong, C. C. D., Lanore, M. Caliman, J. P., Roger, J. M. and Syakharosie. A. R.
2007. Towards precision agriculture for oil palm mineral nutrition
management : Relationships between the reflectance spectrum of oil
palm leaves and nutrient deficiencies. In : Proceedings of the PIPOC
2007 International Palm Oil Congress (Agriculture, Biotechnology &
Sustainability). pp. 110-124.
Lichtenthaler, H. K., Babani, F. and Langsdorf, G. 2007. Chlorophyll
fluorescence imaging of photosynthetic activity in sun and shade leaves
of trees. Photosynth. Res. 93 : 235-244.
Liu, Z. A., Yang J. P. and Yang, Z. C. 2012. Using chlorophyll meter to estimate
tea leaf chlorophyll and nitrogen contents. Journal of Soil Science and
Plant Nutrition 12 (2) : 339-348.
Longenberger, P. S., Smith, C. W., Duke, S. E. and McMichael, B. L. 2009.
Evaluation of chlorophyll fluorescence as a tool for the identification of
drought tolerance in upland cotton. Euphytica 166 : 25-33.
Marcelo, M. E., Jordäo, P. V., Soveral-Dias, J. C., Matias, H. and Rogado, B.
2000. Effect of nitrogen and magnesium application on yield and leaf-N
and Mg concentration of olive trees cv. Picual [abstract]. ISHS Acta
Horticulturae : IV International Symposium on Olive Growing.
http://www.actahort.org. [02 Desember 2013].
71
Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Jhon Wiley and Sons.
United Kingdom.
Maxwell, K and Johnson, G. N. 2000. Chlorophyll fluorescence – a practical
guide. Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 51 No. 345. pp. 659-668.
Mohamad A. 2003. Response of oil palm seedlings planted on highly weathered
acid soils to magnesium fertilizers [abstract] [thesis]. University Putra
Malaysia.
[New Ag International]. 2009. The fluorimetry technique : increasingly used in
agronomic applications. New Ag International Magazine Ed. March
2009. pp. 61-64.
Noor, M. R. M., Rosli, S. K., Muhammad, Z., Harun, M. H. and Hashim, A. T.
2011. Microclimate and physiological status of an immature oil palm.
In : Proceedings of Agriculture, Biotechnology & Sustainability
Conference-Palm Oil Fortifying and Energizing The World (Unedited).
pp 340-342.
Percival, G. C., Keary, I. P. and Novis, K. 2008. The potential of a chlorophyll
content SPAD meter to quantify nutrient stress in foliar tissue of
Sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), English Oak (Quercus robur), and
European Beech (Fagus sylvatica). Arboriculture & Urban Forestry
34(2) : 89–100.
Shaaban, M. M., El-Nabarawy, M. A. and Abou El-Nour, E. A. A. 2002.
Evaluation of magnesium and iron nutritional status in some monocot
and dicot crop plants using a portable chlorophyll meter. Pakistan
Journal of Biological Science 5 (10) : 1014-1016.
Shaahan, M. M., El-Sayed, A. A. and Abou El-Nour, E. A. A. 1999. Predicting
nitrogen, magnesium and iron nutritional status in some perennial crops
using a portable chlorophyll meter. Scientia Horticulturae 82 : 339-348.
Sidhu, M., Hasyim A., Rambe, E. F., Sinuraya, Z., Aziz, A. and Sharma, M. 2013.
Correction of acute magnesium deficiency in oil palm on a sedentary
inland soil in Indonesia. [In press].
Sun, C. X., Cao, H., Shao, H., Lei, X. and Xiao, Y. 2011. Growth and
physiological responses to water and nutrient stress in oil palm. African
Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 10(51). pp. 10465-10471.
Tang, M. K., Nazeeb, M. and Loong S. G. 2001. Oil palm responses to different
sources of magnesium on an inland reworked soil in peninsular
Malaysia. In : Proceedings of the 2001 PIPOC International Palm Oil
Congress. pp. 261-271
72
Turner, P. D. and Gillbanks, R. A. 2003. Oil palm cultivation and management.
Second Edition. The Incorporated Society of Planters. Kuala Lumpur.
von Uexkull, H., Henson, I. E. and Fairhurst, T. 2003. Canopy management to
optimize yield. In : Oil Palm – Management for large and sustainable
yields. Fairhurst. T. and Hardter. R. International Potash Institute.
Witanto, B. 2011. Laporan survei tanah semidetil areal perkebunan kelapa sawit
PT. Nusa Pusaka Kencana. Tebing Tinggi. AA Group. Research and
Development Centre. 17pp.
Zhou, Y. H., Zhang, Y. L., Wang, X. M., Cui, J. X., Xia, X. J., Shi, K. and Yu, J.
Q. 2011. Effects of nitrogen form on growth, CO2 assimiliation,
chlorophyll fluorescence, and photosynthetic electron allocation in
cucumber and rice plants. Journal of Zhiejiang University Science
Biomedicine & Biotechnology, 12 (2) : 126-134.
Ziadi, N., Brassard, M., Bélanger, G., Claessens, A., Tremblay, N., Cambouris, A.
N., Nolin, M. C. and Parent, L. E. 2008. Chlorophyll measurements and
nitrogen nutrition index for the evaluation of corn nitrogen status.
Agronomy Journal vol. 100. pp. 1264-1273.
Afrousheh, M., H. Hokmabadi. H. Hosseini M. and Afrousheh M.. 2010. Effect of
nitrogen, iron, magnesium, manganese and molybdenum deficiencies
on biochemical and ecophysiological characteristics of pistachio
seedling (Pistacia vera). In : XIV GREMPA Meeting on Pistachios and
Almonds. Zaragoza. pp. 53-63.
Barwinsky, M. A. and Remphrey, W. R. 1993. An assessment of the relationship
between chlorophyll extraction, visual rating and SPAD-502 values for
evaluation of lime-induced iron chlorosis in Amur Maple [unpublished
paper]. http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca. [28 Maret 2013].
van den Berg, A. K., and Perkins T. D. 2004. Evaluation of a portable chlorophyll
meter to estimate chlorophyll and nitrogen contents in sugar maple
(Acer saccharum Marsh.) leaves. Forest Ecology and Management 200.
pp. 113–117.
Biber, P. D. 2012. Leaf wand for measuring chlorophyll fluorescence on
cylindrical leaves and its application on Juncus roemerianus (Black
Needlerush). American Journal of Plant Science, 3 : 75-83.
Biswal, B. 2005. Photosynthetic response of green plants to environmental stress :
Inhibition of photosynthetic and adaptational mechanisms. In :
Handbook of Photosynthesis. Taylor & Francis. USA. pp. 730-740.
Bojović, B. and Marković, A. 2009. Correlation between nitrogen and chlorophyll
content in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Kragujevac J. Sci. 31. pp. 6974.
Corley, R. H. V. and Tinker, P. B. 2003. The Oil Palm – World Agricultural
Series. Fourth Edition. Blackwell Publishing. USA.
[Duniaindustri]. 2012. Luas lahan sawit Indonesia 9,27 juta hektare. Dunia
Industri. http://www.duniaindustri.com. [10 Maret 2013].
Foster, H. L. and Prabowo, N. E. 2002. Overcoming the limitations of foliar
diagnosis in oil palms. In: International Oil Palm Conference
Proceeding. Enhancing Oil Palm Industry Development Trough
Environmentally Friendly Technology. Nusa Dua Bali. pp. 269-281.
Gitelson, A. A., Buschmann, C. and Lichtenthaler, H. K. 1999. The chlorophyll
fluorescence ratio F735/F700 as an accurate measure of the chlorophyll
content in plants. Remote Sensing of Environment 69 (3) : 296.
69
70
Goh, K. J. and Hardter, R. 2003. General oil palm nutrition. In: Oil Palm –
Management for large and sustainable yields. Fairhurst. T. and Hardter.
R. International Potash Institute.
Goh, K. J. and Teo, C. B. 2008. Agronomic principles and practices of fertilizer
management of oil palm. In: Proceedings of Agronomic Crop Trust
(ACT) – Agronomic Principles and Practices of Oil Palm Cultivation.
Kuala Lumpur. pp. 157-210.
Heldt, Hans-Walter and Piechulla, B. 2011. Plant biochemistry fourth edition.
Academic Press.
Henson, I. E. and Choong, K. W. 2000. Oil palm productivity and its component
processes. In : Advances in Oil Palm Research Vol. I. Malaysian Palm
Oil Board. Ministry of Primary Industries. Malaysia. 97-145.
Khaleghi, K., Arzani, K., Moallemi, N. and Barzegar, M. 2012. Evaluation of
chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and
relationships between chlorophyll a, b and chlorophyll content index
under water stress in Olea europaea cv. Dezful. World Academy of
Science, Engineering and Technology 68. pp. 1154-1157.
Lelong, C. C. D., Lanore, M. Caliman, J. P., Roger, J. M. and Syakharosie. A. R.
2007. Towards precision agriculture for oil palm mineral nutrition
management : Relationships between the reflectance spectrum of oil
palm leaves and nutrient deficiencies. In : Proceedings of the PIPOC
2007 International Palm Oil Congress (Agriculture, Biotechnology &
Sustainability). pp. 110-124.
Lichtenthaler, H. K., Babani, F. and Langsdorf, G. 2007. Chlorophyll
fluorescence imaging of photosynthetic activity in sun and shade leaves
of trees. Photosynth. Res. 93 : 235-244.
Liu, Z. A., Yang J. P. and Yang, Z. C. 2012. Using chlorophyll meter to estimate
tea leaf chlorophyll and nitrogen contents. Journal of Soil Science and
Plant Nutrition 12 (2) : 339-348.
Longenberger, P. S., Smith, C. W., Duke, S. E. and McMichael, B. L. 2009.
Evaluation of chlorophyll fluorescence as a tool for the identification of
drought tolerance in upland cotton. Euphytica 166 : 25-33.
Marcelo, M. E., Jordäo, P. V., Soveral-Dias, J. C., Matias, H. and Rogado, B.
2000. Effect of nitrogen and magnesium application on yield and leaf-N
and Mg concentration of olive trees cv. Picual [abstract]. ISHS Acta
Horticulturae : IV International Symposium on Olive Growing.
http://www.actahort.org. [02 Desember 2013].
71
Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Jhon Wiley and Sons.
United Kingdom.
Maxwell, K and Johnson, G. N. 2000. Chlorophyll fluorescence – a practical
guide. Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 51 No. 345. pp. 659-668.
Mohamad A. 2003. Response of oil palm seedlings planted on highly weathered
acid soils to magnesium fertilizers [abstract] [thesis]. University Putra
Malaysia.
[New Ag International]. 2009. The fluorimetry technique : increasingly used in
agronomic applications. New Ag International Magazine Ed. March
2009. pp. 61-64.
Noor, M. R. M., Rosli, S. K., Muhammad, Z., Harun, M. H. and Hashim, A. T.
2011. Microclimate and physiological status of an immature oil palm.
In : Proceedings of Agriculture, Biotechnology & Sustainability
Conference-Palm Oil Fortifying and Energizing The World (Unedited).
pp 340-342.
Percival, G. C., Keary, I. P. and Novis, K. 2008. The potential of a chlorophyll
content SPAD meter to quantify nutrient stress in foliar tissue of
Sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), English Oak (Quercus robur), and
European Beech (Fagus sylvatica). Arboriculture & Urban Forestry
34(2) : 89–100.
Shaaban, M. M., El-Nabarawy, M. A. and Abou El-Nour, E. A. A. 2002.
Evaluation of magnesium and iron nutritional status in some monocot
and dicot crop plants using a portable chlorophyll meter. Pakistan
Journal of Biological Science 5 (10) : 1014-1016.
Shaahan, M. M., El-Sayed, A. A. and Abou El-Nour, E. A. A. 1999. Predicting
nitrogen, magnesium and iron nutritional status in some perennial crops
using a portable chlorophyll meter. Scientia Horticulturae 82 : 339-348.
Sidhu, M., Hasyim A., Rambe, E. F., Sinuraya, Z., Aziz, A. and Sharma, M. 2013.
Correction of acute magnesium deficiency in oil palm on a sedentary
inland soil in Indonesia. [In press].
Sun, C. X., Cao, H., Shao, H., Lei, X. and Xiao, Y. 2011. Growth and
physiological responses to water and nutrient stress in oil palm. African
Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 10(51). pp. 10465-10471.
Tang, M. K., Nazeeb, M. and Loong S. G. 2001. Oil palm responses to different
sources of magnesium on an inland reworked soil in peninsular
Malaysia. In : Proceedings of the 2001 PIPOC International Palm Oil
Congress. pp. 261-271
72
Turner, P. D. and Gillbanks, R. A. 2003. Oil palm cultivation and management.
Second Edition. The Incorporated Society of Planters. Kuala Lumpur.
von Uexkull, H., Henson, I. E. and Fairhurst, T. 2003. Canopy management to
optimize yield. In : Oil Palm – Management for large and sustainable
yields. Fairhurst. T. and Hardter. R. International Potash Institute.
Witanto, B. 2011. Laporan survei tanah semidetil areal perkebunan kelapa sawit
PT. Nusa Pusaka Kencana. Tebing Tinggi. AA Group. Research and
Development Centre. 17pp.
Zhou, Y. H., Zhang, Y. L., Wang, X. M., Cui, J. X., Xia, X. J., Shi, K. and Yu, J.
Q. 2011. Effects of nitrogen form on growth, CO2 assimiliation,
chlorophyll fluorescence, and photosynthetic electron allocation in
cucumber and rice plants. Journal of Zhiejiang University Science
Biomedicine & Biotechnology, 12 (2) : 126-134.
Ziadi, N., Brassard, M., Bélanger, G., Claessens, A., Tremblay, N., Cambouris, A.
N., Nolin, M. C. and Parent, L. E. 2008. Chlorophyll measurements and
nitrogen nutrition index for the evaluation of corn nitrogen status.
Agronomy Journal vol. 100. pp. 1264-1273.