Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Binara Dan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ulam-Ulam Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus Dan Escherichia Coli
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BINARA
DAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN ULAM-ULAM TERHADAP BAKTERI
Staphylococcus aureus DAN Escherichia coli
ABSTRAK
Tumbuhan binara (Artemisia vulgaris L.) dan tumbuhan ulam-ulam
(Erechtites valerianifolia (Link ex Wolf) Less. Ec DC) termasuk famili
Compositae. Secara tradisional daun binara dan daun ulam-ulam banyak
digunakan masyarakat di daerah Kecamatan Simpang Empat Kabupaten Karo
sebagai obat luka atau luka lebam dan sebagai obat diare. Penelitian ini bertujuan
untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dan menentukan konsentrasi hambat
minimum ekstrak etanol daun binara dan daun ulam-ulam.
Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan pembuatan simplisia dan karakterisasi
simplisia meliputi: pemeriksaan makroskopik, mikroskopik, penetapan kadar air,
penetapan kadar sari larut larut dalam air, penetapan kadar sari larut dalam etanol,
penetapan kadar abu total dan penetapan kadar abu tidak larut asam dan skrining
fitokimia. Pembuatan uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun binara dan daun
ulam-ulam dengan cara perkolasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70% serta uji
aktivitas antibakteri secara in vitro dengan metode difusi agar menggunakan
pencetak lubang (punch hole) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan
Escherichia coli.
Hasil pemeriksaan karakterisasi simplisia daun binara diperoleh kadar air
4,6%, kadar sari yang larut dalam air 13,5%, kadar sari yang larut dalam etanol
13,5%, kadar abu total 3,6% dan kadar abu yang tidak larut dalam asam 1,4% dan
untuk hasil karakterisasi simplisia daun ulam-ulam diperoleh kadar air 7,3%,
kadar sari yang larut dalam air 13,7%, kadar sari yang larut dalam etanol 13,4%,
kadar abu total 3,6% dan kadar abu yang tidak larut dalam asam 1,4%. Hasil
pemeriksaan skrining fitokimia terdapat kandungan senyawa kimia golongan
steroid/triterpenoid, alkaloida, glikosida, flavonoida, saponin, dan tanin. Hasil uji
aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun binara terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus
aureus diperoleh konsentrasi hambat minimum 5 mg/ml dan bakteri Escherichia
coli konsentrasi hambat minimum 8 mg/ml. Hasil uji ekstrak etanol daun ulamulam terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus diperoleh konsentrasi hambat
minimum 4 mg/ml dan bakteri Escherichia coli sebesar 20 mg/ml. Perbandingan
aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak binara lebih
efektif daripada ekstrak ulam-ulam terhadap hambatan pertumbuhan bakteri
Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli.
Kata kunci: Antibakteri, daun binara, daun ulam-ulam, Staphylococcus aureus,
Escherichia coli.
.
vi
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF MUGWORT AND TROPICAL
BURNWEED LEAVES ETHANOL EXTRACTS ON Staphylococcus aureus
AND Escherichia coli
ABSTRACT
Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) and Tropical burnweed (Erechtites
valerianifolia (Link ex Wolf) Less. Ec DC) plant are included in the Compositae
family. Mugwort and Tropical burnweed used traditionaly in Kecamatan Simpang
Empat Kabupaten Karo for used to cure wound or bruises, also as diarrhea
medicine. The objective of this research is to determine the antibacterial activity
and measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration of Mugwort and Tropical
burnweed leaves extracts.
The research includes the preparation of extract and characterization of
simplex i.e: macroscopic, microscopic examinations, determination of water
content, water-soluble extract, ethanol-soluble extract, total ash value and acid
insoluble ash, phytochemical screening, and preparation of extracts by percolation
using 70% ethanol as solvent, and in vitro for antibacterial activity by agar
diffusion method using
punch hole against Staphylococcus aureus and
Escherichia coli bacteria.
Simplex characterization for Mugwort leaves were showed water level
4.6%, water-soluble extract level 13.5%, ethanol-soluble extract level 13.5%, total
ashes level 3.6%, and acid-insoluble ashes level 1.4% while simplex
characterization of Tropical burnweed leaves results were showed water level
7.3%, water-soluble extract level 13.7%, ethanol-soluble extract level 13.4%, total
ashes level 3.6%, and acid-insoluble ashes level 1.4%. The result of
phytochemical screening is steroids/triterpenoids, alkaloid, glycosides, flavonoids,
saponins, and tannins. Ethanolic extract of Mugwort leaves were showed the
minimum inhibitory concentration 5 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus and 8
mg/ml for Escherichia coli. While, the ethanolic extract of Tropical burnweed
leaves were showed the minimum inhibitory concentration 4 mg/ml for
Staphylococcus aureus and 20 mg/ml for Escherichia coli. The comparison of the
antibacterial activity of the both extracts were showed that Mugwort extract
against inhibt growth of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
bacteria.
Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Mugwort leaf, Tropical burnweed leaf,
Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli.
vii
DAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN ULAM-ULAM TERHADAP BAKTERI
Staphylococcus aureus DAN Escherichia coli
ABSTRAK
Tumbuhan binara (Artemisia vulgaris L.) dan tumbuhan ulam-ulam
(Erechtites valerianifolia (Link ex Wolf) Less. Ec DC) termasuk famili
Compositae. Secara tradisional daun binara dan daun ulam-ulam banyak
digunakan masyarakat di daerah Kecamatan Simpang Empat Kabupaten Karo
sebagai obat luka atau luka lebam dan sebagai obat diare. Penelitian ini bertujuan
untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dan menentukan konsentrasi hambat
minimum ekstrak etanol daun binara dan daun ulam-ulam.
Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan pembuatan simplisia dan karakterisasi
simplisia meliputi: pemeriksaan makroskopik, mikroskopik, penetapan kadar air,
penetapan kadar sari larut larut dalam air, penetapan kadar sari larut dalam etanol,
penetapan kadar abu total dan penetapan kadar abu tidak larut asam dan skrining
fitokimia. Pembuatan uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun binara dan daun
ulam-ulam dengan cara perkolasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70% serta uji
aktivitas antibakteri secara in vitro dengan metode difusi agar menggunakan
pencetak lubang (punch hole) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan
Escherichia coli.
Hasil pemeriksaan karakterisasi simplisia daun binara diperoleh kadar air
4,6%, kadar sari yang larut dalam air 13,5%, kadar sari yang larut dalam etanol
13,5%, kadar abu total 3,6% dan kadar abu yang tidak larut dalam asam 1,4% dan
untuk hasil karakterisasi simplisia daun ulam-ulam diperoleh kadar air 7,3%,
kadar sari yang larut dalam air 13,7%, kadar sari yang larut dalam etanol 13,4%,
kadar abu total 3,6% dan kadar abu yang tidak larut dalam asam 1,4%. Hasil
pemeriksaan skrining fitokimia terdapat kandungan senyawa kimia golongan
steroid/triterpenoid, alkaloida, glikosida, flavonoida, saponin, dan tanin. Hasil uji
aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun binara terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus
aureus diperoleh konsentrasi hambat minimum 5 mg/ml dan bakteri Escherichia
coli konsentrasi hambat minimum 8 mg/ml. Hasil uji ekstrak etanol daun ulamulam terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus diperoleh konsentrasi hambat
minimum 4 mg/ml dan bakteri Escherichia coli sebesar 20 mg/ml. Perbandingan
aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak binara lebih
efektif daripada ekstrak ulam-ulam terhadap hambatan pertumbuhan bakteri
Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli.
Kata kunci: Antibakteri, daun binara, daun ulam-ulam, Staphylococcus aureus,
Escherichia coli.
.
vi
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF MUGWORT AND TROPICAL
BURNWEED LEAVES ETHANOL EXTRACTS ON Staphylococcus aureus
AND Escherichia coli
ABSTRACT
Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) and Tropical burnweed (Erechtites
valerianifolia (Link ex Wolf) Less. Ec DC) plant are included in the Compositae
family. Mugwort and Tropical burnweed used traditionaly in Kecamatan Simpang
Empat Kabupaten Karo for used to cure wound or bruises, also as diarrhea
medicine. The objective of this research is to determine the antibacterial activity
and measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration of Mugwort and Tropical
burnweed leaves extracts.
The research includes the preparation of extract and characterization of
simplex i.e: macroscopic, microscopic examinations, determination of water
content, water-soluble extract, ethanol-soluble extract, total ash value and acid
insoluble ash, phytochemical screening, and preparation of extracts by percolation
using 70% ethanol as solvent, and in vitro for antibacterial activity by agar
diffusion method using
punch hole against Staphylococcus aureus and
Escherichia coli bacteria.
Simplex characterization for Mugwort leaves were showed water level
4.6%, water-soluble extract level 13.5%, ethanol-soluble extract level 13.5%, total
ashes level 3.6%, and acid-insoluble ashes level 1.4% while simplex
characterization of Tropical burnweed leaves results were showed water level
7.3%, water-soluble extract level 13.7%, ethanol-soluble extract level 13.4%, total
ashes level 3.6%, and acid-insoluble ashes level 1.4%. The result of
phytochemical screening is steroids/triterpenoids, alkaloid, glycosides, flavonoids,
saponins, and tannins. Ethanolic extract of Mugwort leaves were showed the
minimum inhibitory concentration 5 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus and 8
mg/ml for Escherichia coli. While, the ethanolic extract of Tropical burnweed
leaves were showed the minimum inhibitory concentration 4 mg/ml for
Staphylococcus aureus and 20 mg/ml for Escherichia coli. The comparison of the
antibacterial activity of the both extracts were showed that Mugwort extract
against inhibt growth of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
bacteria.
Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Mugwort leaf, Tropical burnweed leaf,
Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli.
vii