5. Analysis of the Data
The t
test
formula was employed to find the empirical evidence statistically and to test the hypothesis of this research. In performing the t
test
, manual calculation and SPSS calculation was used by the writer. SPSS calculation was
used to verify the result of manual calculation and to provide better evidence of the calculation. The t
test
was used to measure the effectiveness of Jigsaw technique on students’ ability in reading exposition text
In this calculation, to make the calculation easier, the symbol ‘X’ was used to represent the gain of experimental class student, meanwhile ‘Y’ is the symbol
used to represent the gain of control class student. The manual calculation of the t
test
formula is as follows: Table 4.8
Comparison of the Students’ Gain Score between Student in Experimental Class and Student in Control Class
No Score
x = X - �
x² y= Y-
� y²
X Y
1 -5
-9.744 94.938
-4.231 17.899
2 5
5 0.256
0.066 0.769
0.592 3
10 5.256
27.630 -4.231
17.899 4
30 10
25.256 637.886
5.769 33.284
5 -4.744
22.502 -4.231
17.899 6
-35 -4.744
22.502 -39.231
1539.053 7
5 -4.744
22.502 0.769
0.592 8
10 5.256
27.630 -4.231
17.899 9
5 -5
0.256 0.066
-9.231 85.207
10 -5
15 -9.744
94.938 10.769
115.976 11
-10 -4.744
22.502 -14.231
202.515 12
10 5
5.256 27.630
0.769 0.592
13 10
20 5.256
27.630 15.769
248.669 14
-5 15
-9.744 94.938
10.769 115.976
15 20
10 15.256
232.758 5.769
33.284 16
10 -4.744
22.502 5.769
33.284 17
-5 10
-9.744 94.938
5.769 33.284
18 5
-4.744 22.502
0.769 0.592
19 -20
15 -24.744
612.245 10.769
115.976 20
20 -5
15.256 232.758
-9.231 85.207
No Score
x = X - �
x² y= Y-
� y²
X Y
21 5
5 0.256
0.066 0.769
0.592 22
-5 5
-9.744 94.938
0.769 0.592
23 -10
10 -14.744
217.373 5.769
33.284 24
20 40
15.256 232.758
35.769 1279.438
25 15
10 10.256
105.194 5.769
33.284 26
15 15
10.256 105.194
10.769 115.976
27 5
5 0.256
0.066 0.769
0.592 28
10 5.256
27.630 -4.231
17.899 29
15 -5
10.256 105.194
-9.231 85.207
30 35
30.256 915.450
-4.231 17.899
31 -5
5 -9.744
94.938 0.769
0.592 32
5 5
0.256 0.066
0.769 0.592
33 5
5 0.256
0.066 0.769
0.592 34
-4.744 22.502
-4.231 17.899
35 -5
-5 -4.744
22.502 10.769
85.207 36
15 -4.744
22.502 -9.231
369.822 37
-5 -4.744
22.502 -19.231
0.592 38
-15 -4.744
22.502 0.769
4976.923 39
5 -4.744
4447.436 0.000
85.207
∑ 185
165 0.000
22.502 10.769
369.822
Based on the data from Table 4.8, the statistical calculation was done in the following steps:
a. Determine the Mean of Variable X with formula:
�
�
= ��
� �
−
= 185
39 �
−
= 4.74
b. Determine the Mean of Variable Y with formula:
�
�
= ��
� �
−
= 165
39 �
−
= 4.23
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