B. Method of Research
This research is categorized as a quasi-experimental which can be described as empirical research that is used to estimate how a target population
can be affected by a causal impact of certain intervention treatment. This quasi- experimental research was done in two classes which are given two different
techniques. These two classes are the experimental class and the control class. In the research, the experimental class was taught by using Jigsaw
technique and controlled class was taught by using the lecturing technique. The research tried to analyze and describe the application of Jigsaw technique and its
effectiveness on students’ ability in reading exposition text at the second year of SMAN 34 Jakarta.
This research was preceded by preliminary study which was aimed to gain data about problems faced by teacher and students in teaching-learning activities.
The observation was conducted during the teaching and learning process on 12
th
– 20
th
March, 2013. The results of the preliminary study were used as basic information in planning the actions to be applied in the research.
C. Population and Sample
The study was conducted in SMAN 34 Jakarta which has 22 classes consisting of 891 students. These 22 classes are arranged into 8 first year classes,
7 second year classes, and 7 third year classes. The population of the study was the second year students of SMAN 34
Jakarta which consist of 160 students from four Natural Science classes and 120 students from three Social Science classes. The sampling strategy to determine the
sample used in this research is purposive cluster sampling. In this case, the XI IPA 1 and XI IPA 3 were chosen as the sample of this research because both of them
are handled by the same English teacher. XI IPA 1 and XI IPA 3 consist of 40 students each, so the total students that is 80 students.
The experiment was done in two classes, in which the class of XI IPA 1 was employed as the experimental class meanwhile XI IPA 3 was employed as the
control class. Only 39 students from each class were taken as the sample for
conducting the process of data analysis because one student from experimental class missed the pre-test while one student from the control class missed the post-
test, so the total students is 78 students.
D. Instrument of the Research
The research instruments used by the writer to collect data in this research was written test. The test was divided into two parts; pre-test and post test, in
order to see how well the students master reading exposition text through Jigsaw technique.
Before the test was administered, the reliability and the validity of the research of pre-test and post-test instruments were analyzed to find out whether
the test is good to be used or not.
E. Technique of Data Collection
The technique of collecting data used in this research was test. The test meant here were pre-test and post-test. This test is one of the techniques that can
be used in the quantitative research because test is quantitative data. Quantitative data is broadly used to describe what can be counted or measured and can
therefore be considered as an objective research. The pre-test was given to the experimental class and control class before
the treatment is arranged in the experimental class. The pre-test was set up to the students after the validity and reliability of the test itself was analyzed. On the
other hand, the post-test was given to the experimental class and control class after the treatment is set up in the experimental class.
F. Technique of Data Analysis
The analysis of data that was achieved from the pre-test and post-test was used in this quasi-experimental research to measure the effectiveness of Jigsaw
technique on students’ ability in reading exposition text. The scores achieved from the pre-test and post-test was analyzed by using the t-test statistical analysis to test
the hypothesis.
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