-
Maggie Simpson Margaret Maggie Simpson
, the youngest child, is often seen sucking on her pacifier.
10
-
Abraham Simpson known as Grampa Simpson Abraham Abe Jay-Jedediah Simpson II
, Homer‟s father, is known for his long, rambling, and often inaccurate stories.
11
-
Russ Cargill Russ Cargill
is an ambitious, successful businessman and the antagonistic EPA administrator.
12
5. Time and Place
This research is conducted in 2014 in Department of English Language and Literature, Faculty of Adab and Humanity, State Islamic
University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta and in some selected libraries such as in library of State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, library
of University of Indonesia, and library of Atma Jaya Catholic University.
10
http:simpsonswiki.comwikiMaggie accessed on May 21, 2014
11
http:simpsonswiki.comwikiGrampa accessed on May 21, 2014
12
http:simpsonswiki.comwikiRuss_Cargill accessed on May 21. 2014
11
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Translation
Translation is knowledge that involves language and its complex system. Moreover, the language and its system are continuously developed,
while the development of different languages is indeed different. Translation has always been defined by many ways with different theories and different
approaches. Commonly, one can simply say that translation is an effort to transfer
a text or a speechutterance from one language Source LanguageSL to another language Target LanguageTL according to what is meant by the
author or speaker. This thought is in agreement to the definition given by Catford that translation is replacing a textual material in SL by an equivalent
textual material in TL.
13
Another translation expert has also asserted a similar explanation about what translation is. Newmark wrote in his book that “rendering the
meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text” is what he defined as translation.
14
It is important that the TL text can
13
J.C. Catford, A Linguistic Theory of Translation London: Oxford University Press, 1965, p.20.
14
Peter Newmark, A Text Book of Translation New York: Prentice Hall, 1988, p.5.
accommodate the meaning of the SL text, or in other word, the intention of the author.
Translators must translate the SL text as close as possible to the TL text, both in term of meaning and intention or purpose of the author, as Nida
and Taber state, “translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language
the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.”
15
There must be shifts in structure and meaning of the text
in every translation activity. The translators‟ writing style will also definitely be different to the author‟s. Moreover, it depends on the
translators whether the messages were transferred as natural as possible in TL. Beside them, a French theorist named Dubois seems to have defined
the same line of emphasis on meaning and style as written and translated by Bell in his book that “translation is the expression in another language or
target language of what has been expressed in another, source language,
preserving semantic and stylistic
equivalences.”
16
[Emphasis is mine]. I then conclude that from the theories described above, translation is
not simply converting text from one language to another. Transferring the meaning along with the intention of the author is also included in translation
activity. As for that, a translator has a very important role in translational action.
15
Eugene A. Nida and Charles R. Taber, Op.Cit., p. 12.
16
Dubois in Roger T. Bell, Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice London: Longman Group Ltd., 1991, p.5.
