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The Technique in Collecting Data

students’ ability in writing. To get the mean of students’ writing score within one cycle uses the formula: 7 X : mean x : individual score n : number of students In gaining the class percentage which passes the minimum mastery criteria- Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal KKM 68 uses the formula: 8 P : The class percentage F : Total percentage score N : Number of students Next step, the writer identifies the improvement score on students’ recount text writing from pre-test up to post-test score in cycle 1 and cycle 2. The writer uses the formula: 9 P : Percentage of Students’ Improvement y : Pre- test Result y1 : Post-test 1 7 Anas Sudijono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada, 2008, p. 81. 8 Anas Sudijono, Pengantar …, Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada, 2008, p. 43. 9 David E. Meltzer, The Relationship between Mathematics Preparation and Conceptual Learning Gains in Physics: A Possible Hidden Variable in Diagnostic Pretest Scores, Iowa: Department of Physics and Astronomy, 2008, p. 3. n x X   F P = ── X 100 N Y1 - y P = ─── X 100 y y2 - y P = ─── X 100 y P : Percentage of Students’ Improvement y : Pre- test Result y2 : Post-test 2 The data gathering through interview is analyzed by presenting the description of the result of interview.

F. The Validity of Data

According to Heaton, stated that : “The validity of the test is the extent to which it measures what it is supposed to measure and nothing else. Every test, whether it is a short, informal classroom test or a public examination, should be as valid as the constructor can make it. The test must aim to provide a true measure of the particular skill which is intended to measure “. 10 Therefore, a test is said to be valid when it actually measures what it is intended to measure. Validity is crucial to fair and meaningful writing assessment. In constructing the instrument, the writer considered the validity of the test. There are 3 instruments that the writer used in this research, they are: observation notes, interview and test pre-test and post-test. To make those instruments become valid, it has been approved by the real teacher on this research – Mr. M.Irfan, S.Pd. It can be seen by his sign on the observation notes and the sheet of interview result. To valid the result of the test, the writer asks for the real teacher or the observer to analyze it together. Thus, this research is a collaborative research. The writer analyzes the test result based on the suggestion of the real teacher. He also knew about the result of the test, therefore the test is become valid. 10 Heaton, J. B., Writing English Language Test: Longman Handbook for Language Teacher, New York: Longman, 1975.p. 116

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