Previous Related Study THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents place and time of the research, method and design of the research, population and sample of the research, instrument of the research, technique of data collection, trustworthiness of the research, technique of data analysis, and statistical hypothesis.

A. Place and Time of the Research

This research was conducted at the tenth grade of SMAN 1 Kota Tangerang Selatan on Jl. Pendidikan No.49 Ciputat South Tangerang Banten. The research was held for three months. It started from April-June 2015 at the second semester of the year of study 20142015. Table 3.1 The Schedule of Research No Date Time Activity 1. April 2nd, 2015 10.15 – 12.30 Observation and Interview 2. April 7th, 2015 12.30 – 14.00 Pre-test at X MIA 3 3. April 9th, 2015 12.30 – 14.00 Pre-test at X MIA 4 4. April 21st, 2015 12.30 – 14.00 1st meeting at X MIA 3 5. April 23rd, 2015 12.30 – 14.00 1st meeting at X MIA 4 6. April 28th, 2015 12.30 – 14.00 2nd meeting at X MIA 3 7. April 30th, 2015 12.30 – 14.00 2nd meeting at X MIA 4 8. Mei 5th, 2015 12.30 – 14.00 3rd meeting at X MIA 3 9. Mei 7th, 2015 12.30 – 14.00 3rd meeting at X MIA 4 10. Mei 12th, 2015 12.30 – 14.00 4th meeting at X MIA 3 11. Mei 15th, 2015 12.30 – 14.00 4th meeting at X MIA 4 12. Mei 19th, 2015 12.30 – 14.00 Post-test at X MIA 3 13. Mei 21st, 2015 12.30 – 14.00 Post-test at X MIA 4 14 June, 2015 - Data analysis

B. Method and Design of the Research

In this research, the writer used quantitave method. Quantitative method usually uses numerical data and statistical analysis. 1 Creswell stated that there are three designs in quantitative method: experimental, correlation, and design. 2 The writer used experimental research as design of the study. Creswell also argued that experiment research is a research which compares the result of one group to another group to find out the specific treatment influence. 3 Further, the design used in this study is quasi-experimental design since the writer wanted to compare the result of experimental and control group without using random sampling technique. 4 Experimental class is where story mapping technique was applied in learning narrative text and control class is where conventional technique was applied in learning narrative text. Conventional technique means the technique that is frequently used by the teacher, such as, ask the students to read the text, translate the text into students’ native language, and answer the questions which related to the text. In applying this research, the writer conducted six meetings in each class. At the experimental class; one first meeting for giving pre-test, four meetings second meeting to fifth meeting for giving the treatments by using story mapping technique, and one last meeting for giving post-test. At the control class; one first meeting for giving pre-test, four meetings for teaching with conventional technique, and one last meeting for giving post-test. 1 Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kulaitatif, dan RD, Bandung: Alfabeta, 2013, p. 13. 2 John W. Creswell, Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research-International Edition, Boston: Pearson, 2002, p. 12. 3 John W. Creswell, Research Design: International Student Edition, 4 th Ed., United Kingdom: SAGE publications, 2014, p. 168. 44 David Nunan, Research Method in Language Learning, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. 24 —25.

C. Population and Sample of the Research

1. Population

Population is all cases, situation, or individuals who share one characteristic. 5 The population of this study is 373 tenth grade students of SMAN 1 Kota Tangerang Selatan which are divided into 10 classes start from X MIA 1-X MIA 6 and X IIS 1-X IIS 4.

2. Sample

Sample is a subset of individuals from within population. 6 Sample is a part of population that is supposed to represent th e population’s characteristics. The technique sampling which was used in this research is purposive sampling technique since the writer chose the sample for the specific purpose. Purposive sampling technique is a technique which selects the sample based on the purpose of the research. 7 The purpose of this research is to help students who got low score to get better reading comprehension. The sample of this research is 86 students of tenth grade from two classes; X MIA 3 and X MIA 4. X MIA 3 consists of 43 students and X MIA 4 consists of 43 students. Between the two classes, the class which got lower score in pre-test will be an experimental class. Treatment was given in that class. The class which got the higher one as a control class since it was difficult to find the class which has same achievement. Based on the pre-test score, X MIA 3 was chosen as experimental class and X MIA 4 as control class.

D. Calibration of the Instrument

The main instrument used in this research is test. Before applying the instrument to sample of the research, the test was tested to other students in the same grade except students as the sample of this research. This step is needed to see the validity, reliability, discriminating power, and item difficulty of the 5 Ibid., p. 231. 6 Ibid., p. 232. 7 Louis Cohen, et al., Research Method in Education, 6 th Ed., New York: Routledge, 2007, p. 115.