test scores of the experimental class and control class. The writer calculated the data by using t-test formula. The formula of t-test as follows:
14
The process of t-test is as follow:
15
1. Determining mean of variable X Experimental Class, with formula:
2. Determining mean of variable Y Control Class, with formula:
3. Determining standard of deviation of variable X, with formula:
√
4. Determining standard of deviation of variable Y, with formula:
√
5. Determining standard error of mean variable X, with formula:
√
6. Determining standard error of mean variable Y, with formula:
√
14
Anas Sudijono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2008, p. 324.
15
Ibid., p. 325 —326.
�
�
� � ��
� �
7. Determining standard error of different mean variable X and mean of variable Y, with formula:
√
8. Determining t
o,
with formula:
9. Determining degree of freedom df, with formula:
Meanwhile, to calculate the effect size of story mapping technique on students’ reading comprehension of narrative text, the writer used Cohen’s d
formula. The usage of Cohen’s d formula is to measure to what extent story
mappin g technique is effective on students’ reading comprehension of narrative
text. The formula of Cohen’s d as follows:
16
16
Daniel Muijs, Doing Quantitaive Research in Education with SPSS, London: Sage Publication, 2004, p. 136.
I. Statistical Hypothesis
The statistical hypothesis of this research can be seen: H
O
: µ
1
= µ
2
H
a
: µ
1
≠ µ
2
Then, the criteria used as follow: 1. If t-test t
o
t-table t
t
in significant degree of 0.05, Ho null hypothesis is rejected. It means that the rates of mean score of the
experimental group are higher than control group. The using of story mapping technique is effective on students’ reading comprehension of
narrative text
2. If t-test t
o
t-table t
t
in significant degree of 0.05, Ho null hypothesis is accepted. It means that the rates of mean score of the
experimental group are lower than control group. The using of story mapping technique is not effective on students’ reading comprehension
of narrative text
46
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presents the result of research. In this case, it discussed the way to improve students’ reading comprehension of narrative text by using story
mapping technique at tenth grade students of SMAN 1 Kota Tangerang Selatan academic year 20142015.
A. Description of the Data
As mentioned in previous chapter, the writer used experimental research which aim to find out the effectiveness of story mapping technique by comparing
the result of the research. The result of this research was acquired in pre-test and post-test score of two classes. The result of pre-
test is to know students’ reading comprehension before receiving the treatment, meanwhile the result of post-test is
to give the information whether there is any improvement on students’ reading
comprehension achievement of narrative text after receiving the treatments. In this research, the writer gave treatments to experimental class and control class related
to narrative text material. In the experimetal class, the writer applied story mapping technique to teach reading narrative text, while in control class the writer
applied conventional technique. Conventional technique is a technique which is usually used by the teacher such as asking the students to read the narrative text,
translate and answer the questions based on the text. The writer measured students’ reading comprehension achievement by using a test in multiple choice
forms. Below are the data of pre-test and post-test in experimental and control class.
1. The Data of Experimental Class
The Table 4.1 below showed the stude nts’ pre-test and post-test score of
experimental class. There were 43 students in experimental class variable X.
Table 4.1 The Students’ Pre-test and Post-test Score of Experimental Class X
Student Pre-test
Post-test Gained Score
1 52
76 24
2 64
80 16
3 56
76 20
4 64
76 12
5 64
76 12
6 48
68 20
7 60
72 12
8 60
80 20
9 68
88 20
10 52
64 12
11 52
84 32
12 56
72 16
13 68
80 12
14 72
88 16
15 40
68 28
16 68
80 12
17 48
72 24
18 60
80 20
19 68
84 16
20 60
76 16
21 72
92 20
22 68
80 12
23 64
80 16
24 68
76 8
25 56
84 28
26 60
84 24
27 44
76 32
Student Pre-test
Post-test Gained Score
28 72
88 16
29 48
76 28
30 76
84 8
31 56
68 12
32 44
76 32
33 72
88 16
34 60
72 12
35 56
84 28
36 56
72 16
37 72
80 8
38 56
84 28
39 52
76 24
40 52
80 28
41 48
80 32
42 60
72 12
43 52
84 32
∑ 2544
3376 832
Mean 59.16
78.51 19.34
Based on the Table 4.1 above, it can be seen that the lowest score of pre-test was 40 and the highest score was 76. Besides, the lowest score of post-test was 64
and the highest was 92. The mean of pre-test was 59.16 and post-test was 78.51. After conducting pre-test and post-test, the mean gained score was 19.34. The
mean of pre-test was 59.16 and the mean of post-test was 78.51. The mean of post-test after giving treatments using story mapping technique is higher than the
mean of pre-test before giving treatments. It means that there was a significant difference between the students’ achievement of pre-test and post-test. To see in
detail the result of pre-test in experimental class, the writer used SPSS v.22 as
follow: analyze-description statistic-frequencies. The result from pre-test score in experimental class of this research is presented in a table below:
Table 4.2 Data Description of Pre-test of Experimental Class
N Minimum
Maximum Sum
Mean Std.
Deviation Pretest Experimental
Class 43
40 76
2544 59,16
8,968 Valid N listwise
43
The Table 4.2 above shows that the total number of data in experimental class was 43. The highest score of pre-test in experimental class was 76 and the lowest
score was 40. The total score was 2544. The mean score of pre-test score in experimental class was 59.16. Mean is the average of the numbers. The standard
deviation is 8.968. The standard deviation is a quantity canculation that measures how spread the numbers are.
According to the table above, it can be formed a table of frequency distribution which us presented as follows:
Table 4.3 Frequency Distribution of Pre-test Result of Experimental Class
Frequency Valid
40 1
44 2
48 4
52 6
56 7
60 7
64 4
68 6
72 5
76 1
Total 43
