Through a character, a reader can experience what character does. According to Henkle 86, characterization is central to the fictional experience. It
means that characterization is the principle objectives of characters in novel that enables the reader to understand and experience the people.
3. Struggle
According to Chinmoy 79-80, real struggle is the struggle to conquer ignorance in one’s own life and in the world around him. It can be a struggle to
fight to get something or struggle to survive in an inconvenient condition. If one struggles for something, then he can get a joy. If one struggles to fight for
falsehood, inertia, darkness, imperfection, limitation and bondage, then one will get his joy.
The word “struggle” is very difficult to define. When we see the word “struggle”, we have to realize the highest point that we should achieve. We realize
the inner power in us that makes us keep struggling and realize that there is one person who inspires us in doing the same things like us.
People usually have their own adjustment when they face problems in their life. Adjustment to the problem of life is a continuous process to face the
events, problems, and interaction with other people that occurs in our life. There are three kinds of adjustment. The first type is problem solving. Problem solving
allows a person to solve the problems and finds the solution of the problem. From the problems heshe faces their ability in solving the problem will develop from
time to time. The second type is acceptance of the problem. A person will just PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
accept the situation that occurs since there is no other solution for it. A person must be able to distinguish between the situation that needs problem solving and
the other that needs acceptance. The third is defense mechanism. Defense mechanism is related to how a person copes with the desires that often do not
permit to be fulfilled by the social rules. The most common defense mechanism are repression and denial. Since defense mechanism is another kind of adjustment,
overuse of defense mechanism will emerge severe disturbance Braun, Linder, and Asimov 478.
4. Hierarchy of Needs
According to Maslow in Goble’s The Third Force, there are five basic needs. The five basic needs are physiological needs, safety needs, belongingness
and love needs, esteem needs, and self actualization needs. A person will fulfill their needs step by step. Maslow 38 argues that when the lowest needs are
fulfilled then the next needs will emerge. It will be different in the degree of satisfaction for each person. It depends on how heshe fulfills their needs. The
explanation of each need is explained as follows: a.
Physiological Needs Physiological needs are the most important and the most basic of all needs.
This needs include the needs of food, liquid, shelter, sex, sleep and oxygen Goble 38. A person may need food and shelter, but he will try to fulfill his need
of food first. He will consider food as the most important thing in his life. After food is fulfilled, then he will pursue the other need higher than food.
b. Safety Needs
Safety needs emerge after physiological needs are fulfilled. These need emerge because of the needs to feel secure, stable, independent, protected, free
from fear, and anxiety. A person will consider the higher needs as unimportant before heshe feels secure in hisher life. A person needs a protection from
anything that is harmful. Heshe also needs peaceful surroundings to make himher feel save Goble 39.
c. Belongingness and Love
After physiological and safety needs are fulfilled, needs for love, affection, and belongingness emerge. People will seek a friend, a sweetheart, a wife or
husband to find the feeling of “belong” and to feel the affection from them. Maslow in Goble’s The Third Force says love involves a healthy, loving
relationship between two people that includes mutual trust 41. The absence of this need will influence one’s potential growth and development.
d. Esteem Needs
When the belongingness and love need are fulfilled, people will seek the higher need. They will try to fulfill the esteem need. According to Maslow, there
are two categories of esteem needs, self respect and esteem from other people 42. The first category is self respect. It includes desire for confidence,
competence, mastery, adequacy, achievement, independence and freedom. The second category is respect from the others. It includes prestige, recognition,
acceptance, attention, status, reputation, and appreciation. If a person has adequate self esteem he will be more confident and capable so that he will be more
productive. In contrast, if a person has low self esteem, he will be less confident and less productive.
e. Self-actualization Needs
This need is the highest needs among all. Self-actualization is the desire what a person capable to become and more than he is capable of. It is also related
to the identification of the psychological need for growth, development and utilization of potential powering in a person Goble 42.
All the basic needs above are important. It depends on how each person fulfills it and how they feel satisfactory of their achievement. Maybe a person will
feel satisfied if they can fulfill their needs fully but it will be different to other people who have different goals in his life.
5. Equality
