contemporary life. They are “accuracy in the presentation of historical facts is of value to the historian, but not necessarily to the author, and a work of literature
might have historical significance but not necessarily literary significance p. 10- 11.
C. Method of the Study
The method of the study used in this study is library research. The data are gathered by reading books and doing research in analyzing the novel. The primary
data is the novel City of Thieves by David Benioff. The secondary data are the books related to theory of setting, theory of deprivation, relation between
literature, society, and history, review of Leningrad during World War II. And review of related studies.
In doing this study, there are some steps taken. The first step is reading the novel, City of Thieves. It is needed to be done in order a good understanding about
the story and the elements in the novel can be achieved. After reading the novel, the problem of the study is formulated.
This study focuses on the setting of Leningrad that depicted in the novel. The author describes how deprived the people of Leningrad when they were being
blocked by German. By reading the novel, the deprivation that was experienced by the people of Leningrad at that time can be imagined. Therefore, this study
analyzes the deprivation in Leningrad during the siege whichhappened during World War II as depicted in the novel.
There is one question in the problem formulation. The question is about how the deprivation in Leningrad during World War II as depicted in David
Benioff’sCity of Thieveswas. Socio-historical approach is used in analyzing the novel as the method. The data from books and internet are collected to enrich the
information needed as the references in order to answer the question in the problem formulation. After those steps done, the result of the analysis of the
problem formulation is concluded.
48
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS ON DEPRIVATION IN LENINGRAD DURING WORLD WAR
II DEPICTED BY DAVID BENIOFF IN CITY OF THIEVES
This chapter consists of two main parts. The first part is absolute deprivation, and the second part is relative deprivation.
According to The Cambridge Dictionary of Sociology, deprivation is divided into two kinds, they are absolute deprivation and relative deprivation.
Absolute deprivation is a deprivation determined against an independent standard of measurement. It happens when one social group or individual does not have
enough resources to survive or fill the minimum standard to live, while relative deprivation is a condition when it is based on a comparison with the resources of
other groups “Deprivation”.
A. Absolute Deprivation
According to International Encyclopedia of Sociology, deprivation happens when one social group or individual does not have enough resources to
survive or fill the minimum standard to live “Deprivation”. The sociologists Park and Mason categorize deprivation into those affecting survival needs,
belongingness needs, leisure needs, and control needs. It is not the outsider’s objective measure of deprivation that is important, but the group’s own internal
sense of lack “Deprivation”. Booth and Rowntree state that poverty supposedly absolute in the sense that it was said to be understood as lack of sufficient money
