CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents a discussion of the method used in the research. The discussion includes research method, research participants, research instruments,
and data gathering technique, data analysis, and research procedures.
A. Research Method
The research was an action research. According to Elliot 1991: 54 action research is concerned with the everyday problems experienced by teachers, rather
than the ‘theoretical problems’ defined by pure researchers within a discipline of knowledge. He also says that “action research combines diagnosis with reflections,
focusing on practical issues that have been identified by participants and which are somehow both problematic yet capable of being changed.” It can also be
defined that action research is designed to bridge the gap between research and practice. Somekh 1995: 340 explains that “action research should contribute not
only to practice but to theory of education and teaching which is accessible to other teachers, making educational practice more reflective.” Mills 2003
explains that action research is any systematic inquiry conducted by teacher researchers to gather information about the ways that their particular school
operates how they teach, and how well their students learn. The information is gathered with the goals of gaining insight, developing reflective practice, effecting
positive changes in the school environment and on educational practices in
33 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
general, and improving students’ outcomes. According to Peter and Robinson 1984 as cited by Baskerville 1999: 231, action research refers to a class of
research approaches, rather than a single, monolithic research method. As a class, the various forms of action research share some agreed characteristics and these
characteristics distinguish action research from other methodologies to social enquiry. It means that the research hopefully had brought good changes in the
class. New situation in the class that appreciates the difference among students was applied. The research was also intended to change the classroom paradigm
into interactive and communicative atmosphere. The research used action research because the researcher wanted to know
“how things are done” including conducting the experimental research and collecting the data. In this study the researcher offered solution to the participants
to solve the problems that have been identified. In this study the researcher analyzed and described how the situation and the implementation were going on
in the entire study not just at the beginning. The researcher improved the similarities between practical theories and
practices. The researcher also interpreted the aspects that caused changes or the improvements on the ability to communicate interactively of the participants.
B. Research Participants
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