enjoyment in what they are doing. Because interactive language teaching means elicitation of wiling students’ participation and initiative, it requires a high degree
of indirect leadership.
3. Speaking
This section will discuss the basic theory of speaking skill. The purpose of the discussion of the speaking theory below is to view the detail information, for
those who concern on teaching speaking skill.
a. The Nature of Speaking
What people need to know and to be able to do in order to speak in another language is not as simple as people speak their own native language. There are
speaking theories based on the experts and what underlying the successful oral communication.
Nunan 2003: 48 explains that speaking in a new language is harder than other skills like reading, writing, or listening. It is so because of two reasons they
are, first, speaking happens in real time, here and now; usually the person whom we are talking to is waiting for us to speak right then. Second, when a person
speaks, he or she cannot edit and revise what he or she wishes to say. According to Lado 1961: 240 “speaking ability is described as the ability
to express oneself in life situations or the ability to report acts or situations in precise words, or the ability to converse, or to express the sequences of ideas
fluently.” Besides, people need to know how to articulate sounds appropriately, people need enough vocabulary, and need to master the syntax. In other words,
people need to master linguistic competence and communicative competence. Lado 1961: 241 explains that “speaking ability as the ability to use in essentially
normal communication situations the signaling systems of pronunciation, stress, intonation, grammatical structure, and vocabulary of foreign language at a normal
rate of delivery for native speakers of the language.” Van Lier 1995: 88 as cited in Nunan 2003: 48 explains that spoken
language and written language have many differences. Here are the differences: a. Speaking is concerned with hearing and writing concerned with visualization.
b. Speaking is temporary and received by the listener immediately. Whereas writing is permanent and received in slow or late.
c. In speaking people need to have rhythm, stress, and intonation but in writing people have punctuation so that it can be received well by the receivers.
d. In speaking the speaker may have feedback directly whereas in writing it may not have any feedback.
e. Speaking need planning and editing in limited time while person speaks, but in writing it has longer time to plan, edit, and revise.
Brown 2001 explains that in order to be able to speak in another language, one need should know how to articulate sounds in comprehensible
manner, adequate vocabulary and syntax mastery. Burns 2002: 211 also explains that speaking is so much part of daily life that we tend to take it for granted.
However, learning speaking, whether in the first or other language, involves developing subtle and detailed knowledge about why, how and when to
communicate, and complex skills for producing and managing interaction. Nunan PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
2003: 50 explains that in order to communicate well in another language, one has to make herself understood by people she is speaking with. Of course this is
such a difficult task to do especially at the beginning and intermediate level.
b. The Process of Speaking
