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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter attempts to contextualize some related theories to address the research problems in previous chapter. It consists of two important major parts:
the theoretical description and theoretical framework.
A. Theoretical Description
In this part, the researcher will present about to-infinitive based on various theories offered by linguists. Although infinitive is divided into two types:
infinitive with to or to-infinitive and infinitive without to or bare infinitive, this research will merely discuss infinitive with to or to-infinitive. The discussion will
start from the analysis of infinitive then will be followed by the analysis of to- infinitive phrase in terms of its functions.
1. The Analysis of Infinitive
There are lots of linguists who describe the definition of infinitive. According to Quirk, Greenbaum, Leech, Svartvik 1972, infinitive phrase is
categorized as non-finite verb phrase. It is divided into two groups, namely infinitive with to to-infinitive and infinitive without to bare infinitive p. 39.
9 Further, the non-finite verb phrase has no tense or mood. It is impossible for them
to occur with the subject of the main clause; they are just embedded to it Quirk et al, 1972, p. 995. Another definition is stated by House Harman 1955 that
infinitive is a non-finite verb form which has no inflection to indicate person or number. In the old day, the simplest form of infinitive is regarded as the basic
verb form p. 325. Close 1977 adds that infinitive is connected to grammatical aspect. It is the non-finite form of verb that has no tense and is not affected by the
subject p. 75. Besides, Veit 1986 says infinitive is the combination of infinitive market to and a verb p. 189.
Combining the definition of infinitive from the linguists presented above, the researcher concludes that infinitive is a non-finite verb that has no tense and
no inflection, and is not affected by the subject. Infinitive consist of two forms namely the infinitive with to to-infinitive and the infinitive without to bare
infinitive. The to that is used in to-infinitive is not a preposition, yet it is called as infinitive marker IM
Since this research mainly discusses infinitive phrase, the researcher attempts to define infinitive phrase. Veit 1986 states that infinitive phrase is a
verb phrase which is combined by the preposition to or without to p. 189. Another definition is from House Harman 1950 stating that the simplest form
of infinitive phrase consists of preposition to and the basic form of a verb i.e.: to call, to make, to go, etc.. It may have modifiers and or complements. It also may
have voice and tense modification. The to-infinitive phrase may include more words than the bare infinitive phrase. For example, in To forgive is to be
10 charitable, the first infinitive to forgive contains of preposition to and forgive as
a verb. It has function as the subject of the sentence. In other hand, the second infinitive to be charitable has function as subject complement since it is used to
explain the subject p. 325. Unlike Veit 1987, House Harman 1955 provide many elements in the definition, such as complements, modifiers, voice and tense
modifications. The infinitive phrases are defined by explaining subject complement for giving an example of those elements.
Combining both definitions, the researcher concludes that an infinitive phrase is a non-finite form of verb which is not showing mood or tense yet it may
have voice, tense modification, complements and modifiers. Infinitive is divided into two types namely infinitive with to to-infinitive and without to bare
infinitive. Although there are two types of infinitive phrases, the researcher will only focus on the to-infinitive phrases.
2. The Analysis of to-Infinitive Phrase
Kategori