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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, the researcher discusses the rationale of information to conduct the study. The discussion will be devided into seven subtopics which are
research method, research setting, research participants, instruments and data gathering technique, data analysis technique, and the research procedure.
A. Research Method
This research was qualitative research. According to Gall and Borg 2007, qualitative research is a research which presents facts in a narration with words
rather than focuses in sample of a population p. 31. A description is also given by Ary et al. 2010 stating that the goal of qualitative approach is to decribe a
connection between parts of a whole and depth of understanding of a phenomenon rather than a numeric data analysis p. 29. Merriam et al 2002 state the result
will be in a form of words or pictures to carry all data that have been gathered by the researcher. In addition, a descriptive-qualitative research is used when data
collected through interviews, observations, or documents analysis are analyzed to identify the pattern of the data p. 5.
35 In term of the way the researcher got the data or samples of to-infinitive
phrases, the researcher used document analysis as the methodology. According to Leedy Ormrood 2005, document analysis is a detailed and systematic
examination of the contents of a particular body of material for the purpose of identifying purpose, theme or biased. Moreover, there are many types of
document analysis that is typically performed of forms of human communication, including books, newspaper, films, television, art, music, video tapes of human
interaction, and transcripts conversation p. 42. However, in term of the data analysis, the research used syntactic analysis see chapter 2 as the methodology
to analyze the functions of to-infinitive phrases in the data or samples.
B. Research Setting
The research was conducted in Yogyakarta through syntactic analysis. The period of conducting this research was started from July 2016 until September
2016.
C. Data Sourced
The researcher used simple random sampling in taking the data sources. Wilson 2005 states simple random sampling is a type of probability sampling
where each sampling location is equally likely to be selected, and the selection of PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
36 one location does not influence which is selected next. In other words, random is
the basic characteristic of this sampling method. In statistical terms, the sampling
locations are independent and identically distributed. The use of simple random
sampling in this research was because the researcher needs to be objective in data
gathering. The researcher further employed six newspaper articles for the Jakarta
Post. The Jakarta Post was a famous daily printed and online newspaper in Indonesia which using English language for delivering the information. The
researcher used newspaper articles in this researcher because newspaper was one of media where a person could productively use their language competences, in
both grammatical aspect and communicative approach, especially in the writing skill. The articles taken was from the 25
th
– 30
th
of July’s editions in 2016. The researcher took one random article from each day. Moreover, the researcher
believed that six articles were enough to provide the data needed. By conducting the analysis, the researcher had established and gained a vivid description and
some examples of the functions of to-infinitive in the formal text.
D. Instruments and Data Gathering Technique