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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter discusses the methodology of the research. The methodology explains how the research is conducted which consists of research method,
research procedure, research object, data, data gathering, data analysis and interpretation, and also trustworthiness.
A. RESEARCH METHOD
This study is a qualitative research. According to Fraenkel, Wallen, and Hyun, a qualitative research is a study
that “investigates the quality of relationships, activities,
situations, or materials” 2015:424. In other words, a qualitative research enables the researcher to describe in detail a particular activity
of situation and all that happen within it. In addition, a qualitative research is a research that gives voices to participants to describe their interpretations about the
underlying factors beneath the observable behaviours and actions Cohen, Manion, and Morrison, 2011:219.
Referring to the theories above, a qualitative method was chosen for this research because of two reasons. First, this method enabled the researcher to
provide a detailed understanding of actions, intentions, and behaviours in a particular setting. Second, this method gave voices to the participants to describe
their interpretations in identifying the beliefs of the teachers which underlie the teachers‟ actions and attitudes in the primary classroom.
Since this research used a qualitative method, six steps in a qualitative research proposed by Fraenkel et al. 2015:427-429 were conducted. First, the
research was started by identifying the phenomenon to be studied. Second, the participants in the study were identified. Third, the propositions of the study were
formulated. Fourth, the data were collected through the focus group discussion technique. Fifth, the data collected were analysed, synthesized, and reduced into a
coherent description. Finally, the results of the analysis were interpreted and some conclusions were drawn from the interpretation. All the steps above are included
in the research procedure which discussed more precisely in the following section.
B. RESEARCH PROCEDURE
The research procedure of this research consisted of eleven steps. The steps covered the research process from transcribing the video until writing final report.
The twelve steps in the research procedure were: 1 transcribing the video; 2 formulating guideline for participants; 3 selecting the participants; 4 giving the
video to the participants; 5 conducting the first session of FGD; 6 transcribing the audio-recording of FGD session one; 7 conducting the second session of
FGD; 8 transcribing the audio-recording of FGD session two; 9 analysing the data; 10 doing member checking; and 11 writing final report of the research. All
the steps of research procedure above are presented in Figure 3.1. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Procedure Outcome
Figure 3.1 Research Procedure
Transcript of FGD session 2 Participants
‟ knowledge of the object of the research
Transcribing the audio- recording of FGD session 1
Audio-recording of FGD session 2
group 1 Video transcript
Selecting the participants Giving the video to the
participants Guideline sheet
List of participants
Conducting the FGD session 1
Audio-recording of FGD session 1
group 1
Transcript of FGD session 1
Conducting the FGD session 2
Transcribing the audio- recording of FGD session 2
Analyzing the data Research result
Doing member checking Member checking result
Final research report Writing final report of the
research Transcribing the video
Formulating guideline for participants
The first step was transcribing the video which become the object of this research. By transcribing the video, the researcher got the overviews about what
really happened in the lesson recorded in the video. After that, the researcher formulated the guideline sheet for the participants. The guideline sheet consisted
of some elements that should be the focus of the participants in watching the video. Later on, the elements in the guideline sheet would be the focus of
discussion in the FGD step two. Step three and four were done by the researchers in order to plan and prepare the FGD.
Then, the researcher did step five and seven conducted the first and second session of FGD in order to collect the main data. After each session of FGD was
conducted, the researcher transcribed the audio-recording. Meanwhile, the researcher did step nine to analyse the data. The data were obtained from the
results of the two sessions of focus group discussion FGD. The researcher analyzed the data based on the theoretical frameworks being formulated
previously. Based on the analysis of the data, the teachers‟ beliefs about teaching English to young learners were presented and interpreted as the result of the
research. Next, in order to keep the trustworthiness of the research, the result was
checked by using member checking technique step ten. It was done by asking some participants of the research to check the appropriateness of the result being
written by the researcher. Finally, the researcher wrote the final research result based on the comments or feedbacks from the member checking processes.
C. RESEARCH OBJECT
The object of this research is a video-recording of an English lesson. The video was recorded in 2006 by Siti Nurhayati dan Yuliana Sri Wahyundari. The
duration of the video is about forty-nine minutes. The video displays an English lesson in Kanisius Kalasan Primary School. The English lesson in the video is not
part of English lessons in the school, but an additional English class offered by Puri Kids English Course collaborated with Kanisius Kalasan Primary School.
The additional English class took place in the library after school hours. The teachers in the video were part-time English teachers in the institution.
D. DATA
This section is divided into two sub-sections, namely nature of data and sources of data. Furthermore, sources of data sub-section are divided into
participants and settings.
1. Nature of Data
According to Fraenkel, Wallen, and Hyun 2015:424, “the natural setting is the direct source of data in a qualitative research”. Furthermore, they also
remarked that qualitative data are usually in the form of words or pictures such as “interview transcript, field notes, photographs, audio recordings, videotapes,
diaries, personal comments, memos, official records, textbook passages, and anything else that can convey the actual words or actions of people” Fraenkel,
Wallen, Hyun, 2015:425. The data collected in this research consisted of texts from the transcripts of the focus group discussions. The focus group discussions
were recorded and then transcribed. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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