Teaching technique Teaching Activity

and arguments of the participants are presented respectively in the following paragraphs. Related to the physical environment of the classroom, all participants remarked that the size of the classroom was rather small compared with the number of learners. The participants also added that the inappropriate size of the classroom made the room looked crowded. The opinions of the participants are described below. But considering the size of the class where they are studying, the place is quite small so it looks like it’s a crowded class. A23P1 But about the size of the room itself, well…I think it’s too small and it looks crowded. A19P2 I couldn’t agree more with Mbak Hening and Mbak Eli related to the size of the class. A211P3 And then, for the size, it’s quite small for the size of class. A213P4 Connected to the limited size of the classroom, participants argued that the teachers managed the advantageous size of the classroom by doing two things. First, by using no desk or table for the learners in the classroom so there was more space for the learners to move. The learners sat on the maps which put on the floor. Second, the teachers limited the activities and adjusted it to the size of the classroom. According to the participants, the teachers did not provide group activities due to the limited space of the classroom. The opinions of the participants related to the teachers‟ management of physical environment are presented below. Ehm, related to the size of the class, I think it will influence mostly on how teachers will vary the activity and the dynamic in the class itself. I see here that the teachers only PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI give…what…teachers-students‟ activity, no chance for the students to work in groups, whi ch I think it‟s really possible for some activities there to be made as group activities but probably because of the size of the classroom and probably because of the tight lesson given in that meeting, the teachers do not give varied activities. A25P1 Related with the facilities itself, actually it is good there is no desk or many tables so the students sit on the floor, like what you see, on mats, right… In some cases, it’s good because it gives space for the students to move freely although the room is very small but they can move. But…what…I think the size still makes the teachers limit the activities that they can provide to the students as what Mbak Hening said before. A29P2 Then, in the discussion about teachers‟ voice, all participants agreed that the teachers had a good management of it. They spoke with a good pace so the learners could understand them easier. In addition, the participants also remarked that the teachers could even utilize their voice by making it louder or softer to attr act learners‟ attention toward the lesson. The way the teachers speak has a good pace... A2171P2 Actually in every teaching, of course the teachers will consider the volume, I mean how they speak to their students. Especially for young learners, of course they have to provide slower pace to deliver the materials, but here, what the teacher did, he implemented the use of volume and speed in using the flashcards, I think, first, it‟s to gain the students‟ attention. I mean, by the teacher increases the volume or make it low, the students will follow the teacher. It makes the students interested. The students are familiar with audio lingual like songs. I think it‟s like the intonation where the students can play in that. So, it can be high volume or low volume, or making the intonation change, something like that. A32P2 Related to the body language of the teachers, all participants also agreed that the teachers had good management of it. According to the participants, since the teachers always tried to use the target language all the time, the teachers utilized their gestures or facial expressions to help the learners in understanding their words, instructions, or the examples. In addition, the participants noticed that the teachers in the video also utilized their body language in doing the drillings practice for the young learners in the classroom. The teachers showed the flashcards in various speeds to attract the learners‟ attention and also to challenge them in processing the language faster. Because there are a lot of songs in this class with gestures, with very active gestures, and the teachers always give examples. A283P1 Then, the speed is also the same, not only to make the activity more interesting, but also it can challenge the students. Because the faster the teacher shows the pictures, the students will feel more enthusiastic in the teaching and learning process. A32P2. In the next discussion about the management of attitude, all participants agreed that the teachers could manage their attitudes very well to provide positive atmosphere and encouragements for the young learners. The participants also remarked that the teachers tried to be cheerful, happy, very active, energetic, and very attractive during the lessons so the young learners were also enthusiastic in following the activities from the beginning until the end of the lesson and did not easily get bored in the classroom. The opinions of the participants about the teachers‟ management of attitude are presented through the quotations below. In general, these two teachers are very energetic from the beginning of the class until the end… They are very enthusiastic in teaching and very energetic from the beginning until the end. A283P1 The teachers are very attractive, I think. A281P2 Yes, because attitudes relate to what teachers feel, what teachers’ look or appearance because the students can feel that. Here the teachers always feel happy, of course the students also follow to feel happy. So they provide what we call affective filter so the teachers create good atmosphere in the class from themselves and it can be shared to the students. A291P2 In short, the participants remarked that the teachers in the video had a good classroom management. In managing the the advantageous size of the classroom the teachers did two things, by using no desk or table for the learners and by limiting the activities. Then, the teachers also utilized their voice by making it louder or softer to attract learners‟ attention toward the lesson and utilized their gestures or facial expressions to help the learners in understanding their words, instructions, or the examples. Lastly, all participants remarked that the teachers managed their attitudes very well to provide positive atmosphere and encouragements for the young learners. After discussing about all things related to this element, there were ten teachers‟ beliefs which identified by the participants. First, the teachers believed that elicitation was not important as the introduction in teaching young learners. Second, the teachers believed that young learners only could learn some amounts of new materials in one lesson. Third, the teachers believed that young learners needed various topics in one lesson of language learning. Fourth, the teachers believed that young learners needed various activities in one lesson of language learning. Fifth, the teachers believed that young learners could learn language better if the pace of the learning process was adequate. Sixth, the teachers believed that the language learning process should be fun so the young learners were motivated to keep learning in the future. Seventh, the teachers believed that young learners needed examples in doing things and not the instructions only. Eighth, the teachers believed that physical activities were needed in teaching young learners and Total Physical Response TPR was the suitable method for PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI