The role of teachers
opinions about the form of materials used in the video are represented by the quotations below.
No textbook at all. A299P1 Realia that they mostly use
. A2102P1. Or maybe they will use textbook in other meetings but from the
video, there is no use of textbook. A2100P3
…there are a lot of realia or things used in this lesson, through pictures, through their own belongings. When they learn about
„my pencil‟, they know that the pencil is one because they see the real thing. When they learn about
towel, they know that it‟s towel because they see from the picture. So, young learners
learn well from something that can be seen, touched, or heard. I think these teachers know that. That‟s why they use such things
in the lesson. A2105P1
Meanwhile, related to the third factor, all participants agreed that the materials served as the major source of input. Furthermore, the participants
claimed that since there was no textbook used, the materials from the teachers were obtained
by the learners through teachers‟ presentations, instructions, and examples. In addition, the participants also insisted that the main inputs in the
classroom came from the materials which were designed and presented by the teachers since the teachers in the video did not really provide the opportunities for
communicative interactions. Besides, the participants also expressed that the examples of other learners also served as the source of input but very limited. The
opinions about the relation of the materials with other input are represented through the following quotations.
I think the input is so limited because there is limited interaction. The interaction is not really complex, so the
teachers do not want or expect the students to acquire English through interaction. A315P3
Most sources, like what Eli said, through the examples from the teachers, examples from their peers, drilling. Through
drilling, the students get the examples from their peers. Yes, only from those two sources, no dialogue or communicative
activity, no authentic or natural activity. A360P1
In summary, there were three factors discussed by the participants related to the materials, which consisted of the primary goal of the materials, the form of
materials, and the relation of the materials with other input Based on the discussion of the three factors above, the participants identified two roles of the
materials. First, the materials served as the main source of input. Second, the materials were the tools to introduce and practice the vocabulary and grammar of
the target language. After discussing about the role of learners, teachers, and materials, the
participants identified nine beliefs of the teachers in the video about teaching young learners. First, the teachers believed that young learners were good
imitators and receivers of knowledge in learning language. Second, the teachers believed that young learners needed models in acquiring language. Third, the
teachers believed that young learners were not ready to produce the language yet. Fourth, the teachers believed that teaching young learners was a teacher-centred
process. Fifth, the teachers believed that teaching young learners was knowledge transmission. Sixth, the teachers believed that teaching young learners was
management of learning. Seventh, the teachers believed that the language itself was a set of habits and the learners could get the input from the habit formation
from drilling or repetition all the time. Eighth, the teachers believed that young learners needed simple instructions rather than complicated instructions. The last,
the teachers believed that the scaffolding of materials was important in teaching PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
young learners. The beliefs identified were represented through the following comments.
… the teachers in this video believe that learners are good imitators in learning language
… A224P1
Here the teachers believe on teacher-centred. The teachers only transmit the knowledge and the students only follow, receive the
knowledge. A215P4 Just like what we have talked about, the teachers here are really
the centre of the class. I can say that it‟s mostly teacher-centred class. A235P1
… what the teachers believe is that the language itself is a set of habits and the students can get the input or the language
from the habit formation, I mean like from drilling or repetitions all the time. A226P2
At a glance, I can see that both teachers, like what Eli said, use simple words for the students. Probably because they believe
that for that age of learners, simple instruction is needed, not the complicated instruction. A249P1
Yes, but I think the teachers in the video, they have the same beliefs or same opinion that only use the simple instruction.
A247P2 I also want to add something. About
the teachers‟ beliefs in
teaching, I think they scaffold the students before they present the structure, I think they have introduced the vocabulary first.
Vocab first then they move to the higher level. A324P3