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b. Yalden’s Model
The purpose of Yalden’s model is to describe the syllabus that considers the communicative needs of the learners. Yalden 1987 stated that a
communicative syllabus itself is a syllabus which is designed for describing a classroom experience in which more closely appropriate an environment of
real of language and art p. 85. There are seven steps that must be considered in designing
instructional materials Yalden, 1987, p. 101. 1
The first step is conducting a need survey. This step is conducted to find the learners’ needs and to write the objectives that is appropriate to the
learners. 2
The second step is stating description of the purpose. Having conducted a need survey, the designer will have a description for describing the
purposes of the program. 3
The third step is selecting a syllabus type to be carried out in the program. The choice of the syllabus type is done when the general category of a
language program has been decided. 4
The fourth step is the production of proto-syllabus. At this step, the designer specified the description of the syllabus content. Selection and
combination of contents are designed in line with the type of the syllabus. 5
The fifth step is the production of a pedagogical syllabus. The specification of every single word and phrase will be conducted in this
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
12 help. Therefore, the production of proto-syllabus will be developed
completely. 6
The sixth step is development and implementation of classroom procedures. The communicative syllabus will give a significance changes
in teacher’s role. The teacher’s role here is a facilitator, not a leader. Therefore, the classroom activities are conducted based on the learners’
activity rather than teacher’s activity. 7
The last step is evaluation. Evaluation can be done in every step that helps the designer to revise the step and the content of the syllabus.
Figure 2.2 Yalden’s Model
2. Educational Research and Development R D
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