55 55
research procedure, technique of collecting data, and the last is technique of analyzing data.
CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS Chapter IV is the most important part of the research because here the researcher
processed the data by analyzing and classifying them. CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
This is the last chapter in which the researcher concludes the result of the analysis and gives some suggestions.
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
A. The Definition of Translation
There are many translation theorists who give definitions about translation. They have different opinions in defining the term. In The Theory
and Practice of Translation, Nida and Taber 1974: 12-13 give the definition of translation as follows: ”Translating consist in reproducing in the receptor
language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style”. Here, the emphasis is in the
equivalence which is natural in terms of meaning and style. There is another definition of translation stated by Peter Newmark in A
Textbook of Translation. He states “Often, though not by any means always, it
56 56
is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text.”1988: 5. Moreover, in Approaches to Translation
he states, “Translating is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message andor statement in one language by the same message andor
statement in another language” 1981: 7. It is very clear that the emphasis of that statement is on transferring message.
Another opinion is stated by Bell. He defines that “translation is the expression in another language or target language of what has been
expressed in another, source language, preserving semantic and stylistic equivalences.”1991: 5. In this definition, the equivalences of meaning and
style are very important. A translator should maintain the message and also the style of the Source Language. It means that translation should give to the
reader the same effect of what have been stated by source language. Susan-McGuire Bassnett defines translation as: “What is generally
understood as translation involves the rendering of a Source Language SL text into the Target Language TL so as to ensure that 1 the surface meaning
of the two will be approximately similar and 2 the structures of the SL will be preserved as closely as possible but not so closely that the TL structures
will be seriously distorted.” 1991:2. This definition explains that the meaning of the SL must be transferred to the TL closely, but the structure can
change because each language has different structures. Various opinions about definition of translation are raised. They are
completing each other. It can be concluded that translation is a process of
57 57
transferring idea or message from the source language to the target language. In translation, the most significant thing is the meaning. Then, the translator
should also consider the style of the text he translates, so that he will produce the most appropriate style in the target language text.
B. The Types of Translation
