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1. Analysis and comprehension
In this step, surface structure or the statement is analyzed according to grammatical relationship, word meaning, textual meaning and even
contextual meaning. It is back transformation process. 2.
Transfer After analyzing and understanding the meaning of the SL, the
translator processes the material in his mind. Then he transfers the material from SL to TL. Everything happens just in the translator’s mind.
3. Restructuring
In this step, the translator tries to find out the equivalences of words, phrases or sentences structure in TL. Translator needs to restructure the
grammar of the SL into TL so that the meaning and message of source text can be transferred fully to Target Language.
4. Evaluation and Revision
After the translator gets the equivalence of translation in TL, then this translation is evaluated and checked again to the source text. If it is still
not equivalent, the translator will revise the translation.
D. Principles of Translation
To make a good translation, there are some requirements which must be fulfilled by a translator, the principles of translation. Many linguists have
established the principles of translation to facilitate the process of translation.
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Savory in his book entitled The Art of Translation clarifies that there are some principles of translation, as follows:
1. A translation must give the words of the original. 2. A translation must give the ideas of the original.
3. A translation should read like an original work. 4. A translation should read like a translation.
5. A translation should reflect the style of the original. 6. A translation should posses the style of the translator.
7. A translation should read as a contemporary of the original. 8. A translation should read as a contemporary of the translator.
9. A translation may add to or omit from original. 10. A translation may never add to or omit from the original.
11. A translation of verse should be in prose. 12. A translation of verse should be in verse.
1969: 50 It is clear that the important thing in translation is transferring the
content, the meaning or message correctly and completely from the SL into the TL. No matter how the translator translated the source text, it should
convey the entire message of source text clearly. Etinne Dolet in Nida1964: 15-16 summarized the fundamental
principles of translation under headings: 1.
The translator must understand the content and intention of the author whom he is translating.
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2. The translator should have a perfect knowledge of the language from
which he is translating and an equally excellent the knowledge of the language into which he is translating.
3. The translator should avoid the tendency to translate word-for-word,
for to do so is to destroy the meaning of the original and to ruin the beauty of the expression.
4. The translator should employ the forms of speech in common usage.
5. Through his choice and order of words the translator should produce a
total overall effect with appropriate “tone”. From the description above, it can be concluded that a translator has to
pay attention to the significant criteria in translation. That attention is required by a translator, it is due to the fact that he is a person who has responsibility
toward his own translation. He has to catch the idea from SL and then transfer them to TL naturally.
E. Translation Strategy
