SOCIETAL IMPACTS

PART V: SOCIETAL IMPACTS

Chapter 14 is an introduction to electronic commerce, the role of the Web, and the role that DSS technologies play. Finally, MSS integration, societal impacts, and its future are covered in Chapter 15.

• WEB SITE This book's Web site, prenhall.com/turban, contains sup-

describing "New Developments in Decision Support plemental textual material organized as Web Chapters.

Systems and Artificial Intelligence." The Web site also The topics of these chapters are listed on the Web site in

contains the book's PowerPoint presentations. its Web Table of Contents. There is at least one chapter

• CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS • The rate of computerization is increasing rapidly, and so

• Computerized support for managers is often essential is its use for managerial decision support.

for the survival of organizations. • Managerial decision-making has become complex.

• A decision support framework divides decision Intuition and trial-and-error methods may not be

situations into nine categories, depending on the degree sufficient. " of structuredness and managerial activities. Each

• The time frame for making decisions is shrinking, category is supported differently. whereas its global nature is expanding, necessitating

• Structured decisions are supported by standard the development and use of computerized decision

quantitative analysis methods, such as management support systems.

science, and by MIS.

• Management support systems are technologies designed • Decision support systems (DSS) use data, models, and to support managerial work. They can be used

possibly knowledge for the solution of semistructured

32 P A R T I DECISION-MAKING AND COMPUTERIZED SUPPORT

»Business intelligence methods utilize both analytical ' Knowledge repositories contain knowledge that can be tools and database systems that include data

reused to support complex decisions. warehouses, data mining, online analytical processing,

> Expert systems are advisory systems that attempt to and data visualization.

mimic experts; they apply knowledge directly to »Group support systems (GSS) support group work

problem-solving.

processes. > Neural computing is an applied artificial intelligence »Enterprise information systems (EIS) give access to the

technology that attempts to exhibit pattern recognition specific enterprise-wide information that individuals

by learning from experience.

need to perform their tasks. > Advanced intelligent decision support systems, such as • Enterprise resource planning (ERP)/enterprise

genetic algorithms, fuzzy logic, and intelligent resource management (ERM), customer relationship

(software) agents, enhance productivity and quality. management (CRM) systems, and supply chain

»AH MSS technologies are interactive and can be management (SCM) systems are all types of enterprise

integrated among themselves and with other CBIS into information systems.

hybrid computer systems.

»Enterprise resource planning and supply chain > Web technology and the Internet, intranets, and management are correlated with decision support

extranets play a key role in the development, systems, electronic commerce, and customer

dissemination, and use of MSS.

relationship management. • Knowledge management systems (KMS) capture, store, and disseminate important expertise throughout an organization.

• KEY W O R D S • artificial neural networks (ANN)

»management information system • business analytics

> enterprise resource planning (ERP)

• expert system (ES)

(MIS)

• business intelligence

»management science (MS) • cognitive limits

• expertise

> management support system (MSS) • computer-based information

»fuzzy logic

> operations research (OR) system (CBIS)

> genetic algorithms

»organizational knowledge • customer relationship management

»group support systems (GSS)

> intelligent agent (IA)

repository

> productivity • data mining

(CRM)

»hybrid (integrated) computer

»semistructured decisions • decision support systems (DSS)

systems

' structured decisions • electronic commerce (e-commerce)

»knowledge management systems

»supply chain management (SCM) • enterprise information system (EIS)

(KM)

»transaction processing system (TPS) • enterprise resource management

»knowledge repository

»unstructured decisions (ERM)

• machine learning