Isolation of Results and Discussion

Proceeding of 2013 International Seminar on Climate Change and Food Security ISCCFS 2013 Palembang, South Sumatra -Indonesia, 24-25 October,2013 170

2. Methodology

2.1. Isolation of

B. thuringiensis

Five g of soil samples is diluted well in 15 ml dH 2 0 in test tube. Shaked well until perfectly diluted. One ml of upper part of dilution is taken in eppendorf tube, added by 1 µl Triton X-100, and heated in water bath 85ºC 15 minutes. With a sterile spatula, the solution was streaked on the medium NaCl Glycine Kim and Goepfert NGKG on petridish. Petridish was incubated at 30ºC, for 24-72 hours. Colonies of B. thuringiensis will grow in white color. After 24-72 hours incubation, proteinaceous parasporal inclusion bodies will presence. Identification of

B. thuringiensis

refers to Thiery and Frachon 1997, by microscopic observation of bacterial cells tests, gram staining.

2.2. Production of crystal protein, SDS-PAGE and SEM

Propagation of B. thuringiensis using Luria Bertani medium LB, 5 g yeast extract, 10 g Tryptone and 10 g NaCl in 1000 ml volume, pH 7.2 and sterilized by autoclave for 20 minutes, the temperature of 121°C 1 atm. One colony of B. thuringiensis than for oblique performed in laminar air flow is taken to be multiplied by 50 ml of LB media and shaken for 2 days with a speed of 150 rpm. Harvesting is done by rotation protein centrifuge at 2000 rpm for 15 minutes and will be done 2 times. Results of sediment were taken and diluted with 1 ml dH 2 O shaken until homogeneous and stored in Eppendorf tubes and ready for testing.Crystal proteins isolated from B. thuringiensis strains are analyzed by sodium dodecyl polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis SDS-PAGE.

2.3. Insect test preparation

Groups of eggs of armyworm S. litura were obtained from the field and subsequently maintained in the laboratory. Larvae reared in a plastic container maintenance d = 15 cm and h = 9 cm. Food used were the leaves of water spinach Ipomoea reptana grown without pesticide treatment for mass rearing for S. litura . Temperature and relative humidity were maintained. Maintenance of container was done by cleaning of residual dirt and food remains to ensure the availability of food and cleanliness. At the bottom of the box was placed maintenance of sterile soil that had been sterilized as a place of S. litura to become pupae. If the larvae has reached pre-pupa phase characterized by no activity, meaning caterpillar will enter the pupa stage. Larvae of S. litura reared to be a phase of insect pupae, and imago. Insect samples used were second generation F2. P. japonica was kindly provided by Dr. Asano Lab of Applied Molecular Entomology, Hokkaido University, Japan.

2.4. Bioassay of insects

Protein was diluted in sterilized water, smeared on the surface of spinach leaf and given to larva 3 rd instar of S. litura . While treatment to P. japonica was done by mixing protein with living medium soil, and 5 individues of 1 st instar larvae were prepared on thi medium. Mortality of larvae was observed during 7 days after treatment.

3. Results and Discussion

3.1. Isolation of

B. thuringiensis

strains Sample of soil was prepared from swamp land. Results of isolation found 15 strains of 27 soil samples were positive of B. thuringiensis. To investigate their toxicity against insect pests, it was conducted screening test with 10 6 sporesml in each strain. The result showed that strain MSP-02 showed very toxic to S . litura unpublished data. Therefore it was chosen as an object to find out other characteristic.

3.2. Scanning Electron Microscope result