Analysis of Correlation between Students’ Attitude and Learning

qualitative analysis were in form of words, converting these words into a computer document for analyses was needed to be done to make the analysis easier. This step was started by listening to the tapes or recording through interviewing results. The third step was exploring and coding. “Coding is the process of segmenting and labelling text to form descriptions and board themes in the data.” Creswell, 2012: 243. Coding was done by diving the text data, labelling the segments with codes, examining codes for overlap and redundancy, and collapse these codes into broad themes. It was done by reading and re=reading all of the data of the transcription The fourth step was representing and reporting. Representing was related of how to the data were going to be presented. After being represented, the data were then reported to make the readers recognize. The data were reported based on reflecting the students’ words and acts for obtaining understanding from them. The presented and reported dat a were in a form of narrative discussion. “A narrative discussion is a written passage in qualitative study in which authors summarize, in detail, the findings from the data analysis. Creswell, 2012: 534 The fifth step was interpreting. In this step, the researcher reflected the words and acts of the participants and then described crucial understanding from them. The results from this step were interpretations. “Interpretation in qualitative research means that the researcher steps back and forms some larger meaning about the phenomenon based on personal views, comparisons with part studies, or both.” Creswell, 2012: 257. The interpretations were obtained based on the researcher’s feeling and supported by the data. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI The last step was validating the data. Validating data was conducted to make sure that the data were completely accurate. According to Creswell 2012: 259, “Validating findings means that the researcher determines the accuracy and credibility of the findings through strategies such as number checking or triangulation.” For the qualitative data of this research, validating was done by doing member checking. In this research, the interview data were presented by the researcher in the forms of descriptive details related to the students’’ perceptions of the correlation between attitude, discipline, motivation, and learning success. The descriptive qualitative data were essentially used to support and explain the quantitative findings.

10. Validity

Davis, K. 2005 says that research is a necessary component of determining whether a given treatment is effective and if our current understanding of human behavior is accurate. Therefore, the instruments used to evaluate research data must be valid and precise. If they are not, the information collected from a study is likely to be biased. Thus, it is important to do the validation because the data can be accurate to answer the research question Fraenkel, J, R. Wallen, N, E, 2009. Purwaningsih, A.S. 2015 adds that the data or the findings should be valiad and reliable as well. The data can be considered valid if the findings relate to the constructs. In order to obtain valid data, the instruments are designed based on the constructs. The validity is also ensured through triangulation. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Triangulation enabled the researcher to gain multiple sources of information about the same phenomenon. The researcher uses document, questionnaire, and interview for data triangulation. The results are aligned each other. A methodological triangulation was implemented in this research to convince the readers about the empirical data in data analysis. Triangulation was defined as a process of verification to increase validity by incorporating point of views and methods. This methodological triangulation was the combination of two or more theories, data sources, methods or investigations of a single phenomenon one research to converge on a single construct. Moreover, this method could be used in both quantitative validation and qualitative inquiry studies Yeasmin, 2012. Triangulation involves comparison the information from three different points Hopkins, 2008, in this case are the lecturer, the students and the researcherthe observer. The basic principle of triangulation is that collecting observationsaccounts of a situation from a variety of angles and then comparing and contrasting them. In comparing different accounts, the points where they differ, agree, and disagree should be noted. Elliot, 1991. This research involved a correlational research and a descriptive qualitative research. An analysis of the quantitative data was used to find out the correlation between attitude, discipline, motivation, and learning success. Then, the results obtained from an interview of students’ perceptions were described to support the quantitative data. Therefore, since the results of the quantitative data were supported by the results of the analysis from the qualitative data, then, they