Types of Correlational Design

40 whether the food was a type that they liked. If we did not, then other explanations could be given for differences we observe in how much they eat. For instance, maybe the little dog eats more because it is hungrier that day, maybe the big dog does not like the dog food offered, or maybe all dogs will eat more wet dog food than dry dog food. Thus, we should keep all the other variables the same control them that we can see only the effect of the one variable the independent variable that we are trying to test John W., 2012.. b. The Definition of Predictor Variables A predictor variable is a variable that is being used to predict some other variable or outcome. The variable or variables being used to predict the criterion are called predictors. In the example the researcher just used now, the researcher used attendance as a means to predict another variable, grade point average. Predictor variables are used in non experimental research. c. Predicted Variables It is the variable being predicted in Regression analysis, also known as Criterion variable. It is the variable that the analysis predicts. The number given from the analysis fits into the regression line. The predicted variable is generally one in the same as the dependent variable Pam, M. 2015. 9. Review of Related Research Several studies have been conducted related to the research on examining the relation between students’ attitudes, discipline, motivation and learning success. This research is supported by four related studies which concern on the relation between attitude, discipline, motivation, and learning success. Those topics are related to the point the researcher tries to investigate. Those related PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 41 studies are first by Haibin, Li 2010, second by Purwaningtyas, A.S. 2015, third by Papaja 2012, fourth by Osman, A. 2010. The first related study entitled “The Correlation between Academic Achievement and Attitude in Mainland Chinese Students”. Haibin 2005 proposed that for the students, high learning success and behavioral competence should be regarded as two important indicators for their success. Such findings have prompted that emotional competencies, such as behavioral regulation, students’ attitude, attentional skills, and the ability to problem solve, are critical to children’s academic outcomes Blair, 2012; Diamond Lee, 2011. The second related study entitled “Students’ Attitude towards Success of Spoken English Competency Test TKBI at University Level. The writer, Purwaningtyas 2015 used one hundred students through cluster random sampling to participate in the study as a sample. The results imply the correlation between the components of attitude and the success of spoken English competency TKBI. The third related study entitled “The Relation between School Discipline and Academic Achievement”. The writer, Whisman, A. Hammer, P. 2014 used thirty students through purposive sampling to participate in the study as a sample. The findings demonstrate that disciplinary involvement increases the students’ academic achievement. The last related study entitled “The Relation between Motivation and Second Language Success ”. The writer, Osman, A. 2010 used an achievement tes to all the participating students in order to examine the relationships between the students’ success and motivation levels. The findings show that there is PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 42 relation among integrative, instrumental, and work avoidance motivations and students’ successes in second language learning. B. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK In this part, the researcher relates the theories with this research. This section tried to answer the research question theoretically using the theories that are used by the researcher. Several studies of the relation between students’ attitude, discipline, motivation and students’ learning success have ben conducted. Some studies reported that students’ attitude, discipline, motivation and learning success have positive relation. Students’ attitude, discipline and motivation are the learning variables that can be controlled to improve students’ academic skill. This researc h is aimed to investigate the relation between students’ attitude, discipline, motivation and students’ learning success. Questionnaire and semi- structured interview is used as data collector to get supportive information. After noted the theories, the study proposes two kinds of hypothesis. In relation to the answer of the first research question, it was essential to scrutinize the relation between each controllable variables and learning success. The first variable is attitude. Jowell, R. 2005 defined an attitude as ‘a psychological tendency to view a particular object or behaviour with a degree of favour or disfavor’. Also, Krech and Crutchfield 2008 wrote, An attitude can be defined as an enduring organization of motivational, emotional, perceptual, and cognitive processes with respect to some aspect of the individuals world p. 152. Attitudes are defined as being specific to an object or behaviour while beliefs are more generic, relating to a wider worldview, and tend to be more stable. Ushida, E. 2007 stated that students who have good attitude study