According to Crystal 1987, code or language switching occurs when an individual who is bilingual alternates between two language during hisher speech with
another bilingual person. According to BlomGumperz 1971 in Hudson 1980: 57 code switching is the phenomenon in which the single speaker uses different varieties
at differences time. Base on theory by Benard 2001: 49 code switching is the phenomenon where the bilingual often switch between their two language in the
middle of conversation. He also adds these code switches can take place between or even with in sentences involving phrase or word or even part of word. The switching
of word is the beginning of borrowing, which occurs when the new word become more or less integrated into the second language.
2.2.3 Concept of Code Mixing
Code Mixing in the change of one language to another within the same utterance or in the same oralwritten text. It is a common phenomenon in the societies
in which two or more languages are used. Studies of code mixing enhance our understanding of the nature, processes and constraints of language and of the
relationship between language use and individual values. Communicative strategies Language attitudes and functions within particular socio-cultural contexts.
Code mixing is a mixing of two codes or languages, usually without a change of topic. Nababan said that. Code mixing is found mainly in informal interactions. In
formal situation, the speaker tends to mix it because there is no exact idiom in that language, so it is necessary to use words or idioms from other languages.
Referring to the different characteristics and features of code mixing, various linguists have defined it in different ways. For instance O”
Numan and Carter 1997 define code mixin g as, “a phenomenon od switching
from one language to another in the same discourse”. According to Berthold.Mangubhai and Bartorowiez1997, code mixing occurs when speakers shift
from one language to the other in the midst of their conversation. Thus this definition accommodates inter-sentential switching and intra-sentential mixing both under the
term code switching. Code mixing is an interesting phenomenon in bilingual societies. Code Mixing
leads to language hybridization that in turn gives birth to the issues of language maintenance, shift, and desertion. Wardhaugh 1992, characterizes that code mixing
occurs when during conversation, speakers “use both languages together to the extent that they shift from one languages to the other in the course of
single utterance”. In code mixing sentences, pieces of one language are used while a speaker basically using
another language. Code mixing is a mixing of two code or languages usually without a change of
topic. Code mixing often occurs within one sentence, one element is spoken in language A and the rest in language B. in addition. Nababan, a linguist said that code
mixing is found mainly in informal insertations. In formal situation the speaker tends to mix it because there is no exact idiom in that language. So it is necessary use words
or idioms from other language.
