1.5.2 Method and Technique of Collecting Data
Method and technique of collecting data has an important role in collecting the data. The data of this study was collected by reading intensively the short story and
note down all information that related to the topic of discussion. The method used in collecting data for this study is documentation method. This method is a way of
collecting data that is taken from notes, transcription, books, magazines, and internet. The process of collecting the data was divided into several steps. First, the data was
collected manually by reading the data source thoroughly and then note-taking the narrations and conversations that contains code switching related to the problems.
Finally, the data which is categorized as code switching, were classified into types and reasons of code switching.
1.5.3 Method and Technique of Analysis Data
After all the data were collected, the analysis of the data can be done. The analysis of the data used the descriptive method, in which each data will be presented
and explained based on theory which will be adopted. For the types code switching,
the theory is proposed by Poplcak. And for the reasons of code switching, the theory is stated by Groesjean 1982:151
In this study, the data was analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The descriptive was supported by some technique in data analysis. First, classify to the types of code
switching. Second, described the types and reason qualitatively
7
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURES, CONCEPTS, AND THEORETICAL
FRAMEWROK
2.1 Literature Review
The review of literature is description from previous studies. The research that is related to the study was taken from six papers. They are reviewed here in order to
make a comparison with this study and to draw a description about the similarities and differences among them.
There are six thesis reviewed here. The first thesis written by Astuti in 2005 entitled The Analysis of Code Switching in some Texts of Indonesian Teenage Magazines. The
strength of this thesis used some texts magazine but in this paper only used one short story. This thesis has relevance with this paper in the way of collecting data. However,
this study has a minor weakness in which the background should be more structural. The second thesis written by Wiguna 2007 entitled Indonesian-English Code
switching used by English Teachers When Teaching the Third Grade Students in SMP Negeri 1 Ubud. The finding shows that the English teachers use all types of code
switching. They are tag switching, Intra sentential switching, Inter sentential switching. From six functions of code switching there were only four functions were applied in
this study. Therefore, from ten reasons for code switching, there only six reasons were applied here. The thesis is relevance for this study because it has same topic about code
switching. The similarity of this study is discussed about code switching and the way
of collecting the data in which the data was analyzed qualitatively and descriptively. The difference between the thesis and this study is the thesis use the way
of collecting data were field research and recording. While in this study, the way of collecting data is documentation and note taking.
The third thesis written by Made EdyAntara 2007, entitle The Analysis of Code Switching in the Novel “Miss Jutek”. The finding shows that the writer use all types of
code switching. They are tag switching, Intra sentential switching, Inter sentential switching. From six functions of code switching there were only four functions were
applied in this study. Therefore, from ten reasons for code switching, there only six reasons were applied here. The strength of her study is the detailed analysis of the code
switching in Novel “Miss Jutek”. It has relevance with this writing according to how present data analyzed. However, her study faces a weakness in which the conclusion
of the analysis should be more concise. The fourth thesis written by Putranta’s First Page by Erawati 2008 was based on
the study of code switching found in novel First Page 2007. There are two results are found. First, the types that occurred in the novel are tag switching, inter sentential
switching and intra sentential switching. Second, the functions that occurred in the novel are referential function, directive function, phatic function and metalinguistic
function. And the remaining function that could not be found is expressive function and poetic function.This previous writing has relevance with this paper because there
are some of the concepts were taken for the writing. However, the difference is the usage of different data in which she used novel and this study uses short story. This
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