4 26, 1874
– January 29, 1963 was an American poet. His work was initially published in England before it was published in America. He is highly regarded
for his realistic depictions of rural life and his command of American colloquial speech. His work frequently employed settings from rural life in New England in
the early twentieth century, using them to examine complex social and philosophical themes. One of the most popular and critically respected American
poets of the twentieth century, Frost was honored frequently during his lifetime, receiving four Pulitzer Prizes for Poetry. He became one of Americas rare public
literary figures, almost an artistic institution. He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal in 1960 for his poetic works. The reason of choosing collected poems
by Robert Frost is that the poems give some illustrations of figurative language related to transference of meaning in literary works especially in poem.
B. Research Focus
Based on the background of the research, there is an interesting point of this topic to be analyzed. That is about using semantic deviation in term of
transference of meaning used in poems. The researcher takes transference of meaning in analyzing a collected poem by Robert Frost.
There are some problems related to the research topic that can be identified. The first problem is the analysis of language use itself. There are many
variations in the way this poem use language. Sometimes, those variations create ambiguities which are needed to be investigated. They can be found in the stanza
through poem. The second problem identified is about the perspectives or ideologies of some issues that are shown. There are some issues or ideologies
5 which are possible to be considered as controversies and need to be interpreted
wisely. Such controversial thoughts are Capitalism, Madness, Slogan, and Death. The third problem is the function of using transference of meaning using Jacobson
theory. There are six function of using language described by Jakobson, they are: Phatic, Poetic, Conative, Emotive, Referential and Metalinguistic.
It is impossible for the researcher to answer all problems that have been identified. To make the research more focused, the researcher limits the problem
of discussion. This research discusses the variations of transference of meaning applied in the first chapter of Complete Poems of Robert Frost entitled
A Boy’s Will. Besides, it discuss the function of using those variations of transference of
meaning.
C. Formulation of the Problems
Based on the background and research focus, the problems can be formulated into following:
1. What are the types of transference of meaning found in the first chapter of
Complete Poems of Robert Frost entitled A Boy’s Will?
2. What are the functions of those types of transference of meaning found in the
first chapter of Complete Poems of Robert Frost entitled A Boy’s Will?
D. Objective of the Study
This study is intended to achieve the main objectives as follows: 1.
to identify the types of transference of meaning found in the first chapter of Complete Poems of Robert Frost entitled
A Boy’s Will and,
6 2.
to identify the functions of the use of transference of meaning which are found in the first chapter of Complete Poems of Robert Frost entitled
A Boy’s Will. E. Significance of the Study
This research concerns with the analysis of the use of transference of meaning and the function of it. This research has two significances, both
theoretically and practically. It is expected that the result can be advantageous in the following ways:
1. Theoretically
a. This research can enrich the research in linguistics field, especially stylistics,
which becomes a bibliographical resource to the next relevant type of research.
b. This research can give better understanding in the analysis of deviation in
literary works, especially in poems. 2.
Practically a.
The research finding be useful as an informative input for language learners to improve linguistic knowledge, especially on stylistics, by giving deeper
understanding for readers in analyzing language style based on its linguistic features
b. After reading this research, people are expected to be more open-minded
toward literary works especially in the way language is used c.
Hopefully, this research inspires other researchers to develop or to conduct other research in the same scope with different subjects
7
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
A. Theoretical Description 1. Stylistics as the Combination of Linguistic and Literary Analysis
Linguistics as the study of language cannot be separated from literature, as most people know that literature is one of language products as literary works in a
wider circumstance. In understanding literary works, the use of language becomes very important to be analyzed in order to ensure the meaning of the works. On the
other hand, in learning or analyzing language, people should consider literature as a way of how language is used. Furthermore, Leech 1981: 1 asserts that
literature cannot be examined in any depth apart from language, and vice versa. There are so many language usages in literary works. It can be analyzed by a
study named stylistics which intends to explore language in literary works. Stylistics is the name of a study which is proposed to explore language
usage in literary works. It is called the combination of linguistic and literary analysis. The statements implies that both of linguistics and literary analysis are
related one another. Specifically, as the meeting-ground of those two related fields, stylistics focuses on how language is used in literary works. It is the branch
of general linguistics that focuses on style, particularly in works of literature. It investigates how a writer or a speaker creates the phenomenon of language on
their own ways to communicate. What makes the definition of stylistics a curious one deals both with the
object and with the material of studies. Speaking of the stylistic value of a text,
