96
C. Limitation and Suggestion
This research has several limitations, including: 1. The research population only use mining companies that have been listed
in the Indonesia Stock Exchange year 2009-2011 with total sample is just
48 companies. 2. To measure CSR reporting use annual report of companies.
3. As predictors only use 4 independent variables namely board size board commissioner, company size log of total assets, profitability ROE and
leverage DER.
4. Generalizing the results of the study can be distracted because of the circumstances corporate environments are different in every mining
company listed in IDX. Therefore, for further research, it is suggested:
1. Using a larger sample.
2. Research object is more extended in the sense of not only mining companies, but other company in Indonesia like trading company or
service company because as we know that based on the company limitation in this study, the biggest contribution and disclose to publish the
CSR over the companies that produce dangerous materials such as mining
companies. They produce the hazardous activity to the society.
3. The instrument to measure CSR disclosure not only uses annual report, but
it can use sustainability reporting.
97
4. Should use other factors to determine the more significant factors affecting any of CSR reporting in companys annual report like leverage debt to
asset ratio debt ratio, long term debt to equity ratio, company size capital employed, turnover and number of empl
oyees, company’s market value and equity, profitability ROA, ROI, EPS and others, company
profile high and low profile, management ownership, foreign ownership, board size BOD, company age and others Siregar and Sitepu 2009,
Rahman 2008, Reverte 2009, Darwis 2009, Al-Haj et al. 2011, Gao
and Joshi 2009, Bachtiar and Siregar 2010, Janggu et al. 2010.
98
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Abrams, Rhonda M. “The Successful Business Plan: Secrets and Strategies”, Second Edition, The Oasis Press, USA, 1993.
Adinugraha, R. Nazir, N. dan Nuryatno, M. “Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang
Berpengaruh Terhadap Pemilihan Metode Depresiasi untuk Aktiva Tetap pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Jakarta
”, Jurnal Informasi, Perpajakan, Akuntansi, dan Keuangan Publik, Vol. 2,
No. 2, hal. 117-136, Fakultas Ekonomi Trisakti, Jakarta, 2007. Al-
Haj, et. all. “CSR Disclosures and Its Determinants: Evidence from Malaysian Government Link Companies
”, Social Responsibility Journal, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 181-201, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2011.
Amin, Muhammad Nuryatno. “Audit Risk Model as a Corporate Social Responsibility Implementation of Certified Public Accounting Firms
Evidence from Indonesia ”, Social Responsibility Journal, Vol. 7, No. 3,
pp. 509-522, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2011. Arifin. “Peran Akuntan dalam Menegakkan Prinsip Good Corporate Governence
Tinjauan Perpektif Agency Theory ”, Pidato Pengukuhan Guru Besar,
Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 2005. Bachtiar, Yanivi and Siregar, Sylvia V. “Corporate Social Reporting: Empirical
Evidence from Indonesia Stock Exchange ”, International Journal of
Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 241-252, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2010.
Darwis, Herman. “Ukuran Perusahaan, Profitabilitas dan Financial Leverage terhadap Pengungkapan Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan High
Profile di BEI ”, Jurnal Keuangan dan Perbankan, Vol.13, No.1, Fakultas
Ekonomi Universitas Khairun, Ternate, 2009. IDX. “Fact Book 2010”, Capital Market Reference Center, Jakarta, 2010.
IDX. “Fact Book 2011”, Capital Market Reference Center, Jakarta, 2011. Fuad,
Muhammad. “Uji Empiris Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Disclosure Perusahaan Manufaktur di BEJ
”, Media Riset Akuntansi, Auditing dan Informasi, Vol. 6, No. 1, hal. 80-87, Fakultas Ekonomi Trisakti, Jakarta,
2006. Gao, Simon S and Joshi, Prem Lal “Multinational Corporations’ Corporate
Social and Environmental Disclosures CSED on Web Sites ”,
International Journal of Commerce and Management, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 27-44, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2009.
99
Ghozali, Imam. “Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program SPSS”. Edisi Pertama Cetakan Keempat, Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro,
Semarang, 2006. Hadi, Nor. “Corporate Social Responsibility”, Edisi Pertama Cetakan Pertama,
Graha Ilmu, Yogyakarta, 2011. Hassan, Abul and Harahap, Sofyan
Syafri. “Exploring Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure: The Case of Islamic Bank
”, International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 203-227,
Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2010. Hossain, M., Tan L.M and Adams, M. “Voluntary disclosure in an emerging
capital market: some empirical evidence from companies listed on Kuala Lumpur stock exchange
”. International Journal of Accounting, 29, pp. 334-351.
Irawan, Rony. “Corporate Social Responsibility: Tinjauan Menurut Peraturan Perpajakan Indonesia
”, the 2
nd
National Conference UKWMS Surabaya 6 September 2008.
Janggu, et. all. “The Current State of Corporate Social Responsibility Among Industrial Companies in Malaysia
”, Social Responsibility Journal, Vol. 3, No. 3, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2007.
Jordan, et. all. “Fundamentals of Corporate Finance”, Ninth Edition, McGraw- Hill Companies, New York, 2010.
Kasmir. “Analisis Laporan Keuangan”, Cetakan Kelima, PT RajaGrafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2012.
Kieso, et. all. “Accounting Principles”, Ninth Edition, John Wiley and Sons Inc, New York, 2010.
Lubis, Arfan Ikhsan. “Akuntansi Keperilakuan”, Edisi Kedua, Salemba Empat, Jakarta, 2010.
Martha. “Analisis Pengaruh Indepedensi, Kualitas Audit serta Mekanisme Corporate Governance terhadap Integritas Laporan Keuangan pada
Perusahaan yang Tidak Teregulasi yang Tercatat di BEI pada Tahun 2004-2009
”, Skripsi S-1, Fakultas Ekonomi Trisakti, Jakarta, 2011. Mirfazli, Edwin. “Evaluate Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure at Annual
Report Companies in Multifarious Group Industry Members of Jakarta Stock Exchange JSX, Indonesia
”, Social Responsibility Journal, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 388-406, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2008.
100
Nadya, Sharah.”The Analysis Influence of Motivation and Skill toward Performance of Workers
”. Thesis S-1, Faculty of Economics and Business Syariff Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta, 2011.
Ng, E.J and Koh, H.C. “Companies with non-mandatory accounting
pronouncements: the Singapore experience ”. Singapore Management
Review, 15 1: pp. 41-55, 1993. Ng. E.J and Koh, H.C.
“An agency theory and profit analytical approach to corporate non-mandatory disclosure compliance
”. Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting, 11: pp. 29-44, 1994.
P, Anita and W, Kavitha. “Disclosures about CSR Practices: A Literature
Review ”, The IUP Journal of Corporate Governence, Vol. X, No.1,
Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2011. Rahman, Arief. “The Analysis of Company Characteristics Influence toward CSR
Disclosure: Empirical Evidence of Manufacturing Companies Listed in JSX
”, Jurnal Akuntansi Auditing Indonesia JAAI, Vol. 12, No.1, hal. 25-35, Fakultas Ekonomi Trisakti, Jakarta, 2008.
Reverte, Camelo . “Determinants of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure
Ratings by Spanish Listed Firms ”, Journal of Business Ethics, pp. 351-
356, Spinger, 2009. Riduwan. “Metode dan Teknik Menyusun Tesis”. Cetakan 5, Alfabeta, Bandung,
2007. Ross, et. all. “Corporate Finance Fundamentals”, Seventh Edition, McGraw-Hill
Companies, New York, 2006. Sembiring, Eddy.
“Karakteristik Perusahaan dan Pengungkapan tanggung Jawab Sosial : Study Empiris Pada Perusahaan yang tercatat di Bursa Efek
Jakarta ”, Simposium Nasional Akuntansi VIII, Solo, 2005.
Sekaran, Uma. “Research Methods For Business”. Edisi 4, Buku 2, Salemba Empat, Jakarta, 2006.
Siregar, Hasan Sakti dan Sitepu, Andre Christian . “Faktor-faktor yang
Mempengaruhi Pengungkapan Informasi Sosial dalam Laporan Tahunan pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Jakarta
”, Jurnal Akuntansi USU 19, Fakultas Ekonomi Sumatera Utara, Medan,
2009. Sudaryono, Bambang. “Kajian atas Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi
Pengungkapan Lingkungan Environmental Disclosure pada Perusahaan Publik di BEJ pada Tahun 2004-2005
”, Media Riset Akuntansi, Auditing
101
dan Informasi, Vol. 7, No. 2, hal. 107-139, Fakultas Ekonomi Trisakti, Jakarta, 2007.
Sugiyono. “Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan RD”. Cetakan ketiga,
Alfabeta, Bandung, 2007. Suharli, Michell. “Akuntansi Untuk Bisnis dan Jasa”, Cetakan Pertama, Graha
Ilmu, Yogyakarta, 2006 Suharto, Edi. “Menggagas Standar Audit Program CSR”, 2008.
Sutantoputra, Aries Widiarto. “Social Disclosure Rating System for Assessing firms’ CSR Reports”, Corporate Communications: An International
Journal Vol. 14 No. 1, pp. 34-48, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2009.
102
Attachment 1 : Dimensions and Classification CSR Disclosure
Table of Attachment 1.1 Theme of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure
Indonesia Languange English Language
Lingkungan 1. Perusahaan melakukan investasi alat untuk
pengelolaan limbah, dalam rangka mengurangi dampak limbah produksi.
2. Perusahaan memberlakukan kebijakan, metode dan strategi pengolahan dan pengelolaan
limbah secara ketat. 3. Perusahaan memiliki program riset terkait
lingkungan. 4. Perusahaan
memberlakukan program
rehabilitasi dan keamanan lingkungan. 5. Perusahaan memiliki sistem manajemen tata
lingkungan, manajemen lingkungan berbasis ISO 14001 dan sejenisnya.
6. Perusahaan berupaya melakukan pencegahan terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan.
7. Turut aktif
dalam menjaga
keamanan lingkungan sekitar.
8. Penghargaan dalam
menjaga kualitas
lingkungan. 9. Bersama masyarakat, perusahaan melakukan
kegiatan secara rutin menjaga kebersihan lingkungan.
10. Perlindungan lingkungan dari eksploitasi yang tidak seimbang.
11. Kepatuhan terhadap peraturan perundangan lingkungan.
Enviromental 1. Company
invests a
tool for
waste management, in order to reduce the impact of
waste production.
2. Company enforces policies, methods and processing strategy and waste management
closely.
3. The company has a research program related
to environmental.
4. The company imposed a program of
rehabilitation and environmental safety.
5. The company has a system of environmental governance
management, environmental
management based on ISO 14001 and the like.
6. The Company seeks to prevent environmental
pollution.
7. Participate actively in maintaining the security
of the surrounding environment.
8. Award in maintaining the environmental
quality.
9. Together with
communities, companies
routinely conduct environmental hygiene.
10. Environmental protection from exploitation
that is not balanced.
11. Compliance toward
the Law
of
environmental. Masyarakat
1. Bantuan perbaikan jalan, penerangan jalan dan
lingkungan sekitar perusahaan.
2. Program penanganan pengangguran bagi
masyarakat danatau masyarakat sekitar.
3. Bantuan kesejahteraan
dan peningkatan
ekonomi masyarakat danatau masyarakat sekitar.
4. Bantuan kesehatan untuk masyarakat danatau
masyarakat sekitar.
5. Bantuan pendidikan, beasiswa, sarana dan prasarana pendidikan bagi masyarakat danatau
masyarakat sekitar.
6. Bantuan pelatihan ketrampilan bagi masyarakat danatau masyarakat sekitar pelatihan dan
training-training. Community
1. Aid repair roads, street lighting and environment around the company.
2. Program of handling unemployment to the society andor surrounding community.
3. Aid welfare and economic improvement of society andor surrounding communities.
4. Assistance for community health. 5. Assistance
of educational,
scholarships, educational facilities and infrastructure for
society andor local communities. 6. Skills training for society andor local
communities trainings. 7. Help of clean water supply for local
communities. 8. Aid of youth coaching and sport.
103
7. Bantuan pengadaan air bersih bagi masyarakat
sekitar. 8. Bantuan pembinaan kepemudaan dan olahraga.
9. Bantuan pengembangan dan pelestarian seni
dan budaya.
10. Bantuan untuk meringankan korban bencana
alam dan pasca bencana alam.
11. Bantuan sarana dan prasarana ibadah dan
public.
12. Upaya menjaga kemitraan, kerjasama dan
keharmonisan dengan masyarakat sekitar.
13. Bantuan kegiatan keagamaan dan hari besar
bagi masyarakat sekitar.
14. Membantu dan
memfasilitasi dalam
membangun toleransi dan rasa kebangsaan antarumat beragama.
15. Bantuan untuk yatim piatu dan panti jompo. 16. Melakukan kerjasama secara nasional maupun