Description of Target Needs

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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents the findings and discussions of the research which was conducted from June 2013 to February 2014. The research findings include the needs analysis, the course grid, the unit design, the first draft of materials, the expert judgment, and the final draft of materials.

A. Research Findings

1. The Needs Analysis

Needs analysis is the first stage of this study. It consists of the description of target needs and learning needs. In the need analysis stage, the questionnaire was distributed to the students to know their target and learning needs. The questionnaire was in the form of multiple choice question and the students were allowed to choose more than one option. The highest percentage of the students’ choices was considered as the students’ needs. The needs analysis questionnaire can be seen in Appendix A and the results of the needs analysis questionnaire can be seen in Appendix B.

a. Description of Target Needs

1 Necessities Necessities are considered to be what the learner has to know in order to function effectively in the target situation. Table 4.1 shows the necessities of the students in learning English in English Tutorial Program. 61 Table 4.1. The data of the Target Needs Necessities Questions n f 1. My purpose in learning English through English Tutorial Program in the academic context is… a. to enable me to master more vocabulary items related to my study program so that I can communicate in English appropriately. 16 12 75 b. to enable me to understand the use of grammar so that I can communicate with classmates and lecturers in English appropriately. 16 11 68.75 c. to enable me to use and respond to expressions used in the academic context appropriately. 16 7 43.75 d. Others… 16 2. My purpose in learning English through English Tutorial Program in the daily life is… a. to enable me to master more vocabulary items related to my daily life so that I can communicate with people appropriately. 16 13 81.25 b. to enable me to understand the use of grammar so that I can communicate with people appropriately. 16 12 75 c. to enable me to use and respond to expressions used in the daily life context appropriately. 16 8 50 d. Others… 16 3. I need to improve my speaking skill so that in the future I can… a. continue my study abroad. 16 12 75 b. do a job interview appropriately. 16 5 31.25 c. communicate with my colleagues and customers appropriately. 16 8 50 d. Others… 16 For the academic need, 75 of the students learn English through English Tutorial Program because they want to master more vocabulary items related to their study program so that they can communicate in English appropriately, 68.75 of them want to 62 understand the use of grammar so that they can communicate with classmates and lecturers in English appropriately, while some want to use and respond to expressions used in the academic context appropriately. For the daily life context, 81.25 of them want to master more vocabulary items related to their daily lives, 75 of them want to understand the use of grammar, and some students want to use and respond to the expressions used in the daily life so that they can communicate with people appropriately. While for the future needs, 75 of the students need to improve their speaking skills so that they can continue their study abroad, 50 of them want to communicate with their colleagues and customer well, and a few of them want to do a job interview well. 2 Lacks Lacks are defined as the gaps between what the learner knows and the necessities. It can be concluded that the speaking skills proficiency of the students are mostly at the level of pre-intermediate, where they are able to communicate in the daily context and certain kind of discourse. Some of them are at the level of beginner, where they are able to communicate in the daily context only. The students’ lacks are descri ed in the ta le elow. 63 Table 4.2. The data of the Target Needs Lacks Questions n f 4. So far, my speaking skills proficiency is at the level of… a. beginner, being able to communicate in the daily context. 16 5 31.25 b. pre-intermediate, being able to communicate in the daily context and certain kind of discourse. 16 11 68.75 c. intermediate, being able to communicate in any kinds of discourse. 16 d. advanced, being able to communicate in any discourse fluently and accurately. 16 5. The difficulty I have when listening to English texts is… a. I don’t understand what the speaker is saying due to the limited number of vocabulary mastery. 16 12 75 b. I don’t understand the patterns formulas of tenses that the speaker is using. 16 8 50 c. Others… 16 4 25 6. When speaking English, I have difficulty in… a. expressing particular meaning due to the limited number of vocabulary mastery. 16 14 87.50 b. expressing particular language functions. 16 8 50 c. describing particular terms, especially terms in accounting. 16 5 31.25 d. memorizing the patterns formulas of tenses. 16 12 75 e. Others… 16 When listening to spoken English, the difficulty faced by 75 of the students is ecause they don’t understand what the speaker is saying due to the limited number of vocabulary mastery. Half of them say it is difficult ecause they don’t understand the patterns or tenses the speaker is using. Few of them mention other aspects, such as 64 because the speaker is speaking too fast so that the students do not understand the point of what the speaker is saying. When speaking in English, 87.50 of the students find it difficult when they have to express particular meaning due to the limited number of vocabulary mastery. 75 of them find it difficult to memorize and use the patterns or formulas of tenses and 50 of them find it difficult to express particular language functions. 3 Wants Wants are what the students wish to accomplish after learning. Table 4.3 shows that the students mostly want to master vocabulary items, both general vocabularies and vocabularies related to accounting. Table 4.3. The data of the Target Needs Wants Questions n f 7. I learn English in English Tutorial Program to makes me… a. able to master vocabularies, both general vocabularies and vocabularies related to accounting. 16 14 87.50 b. able to master grammar so that I can speak appropriately. 16 12 75 c. able to use any kind of words, sentences, and expressions to communicate well. 16 8 50 d. able to use formal or informal expressions to communicate well. 16 5 31.25 e. Others… 16 65 75 of them want to master grammar and 50 of them want to be able to use any kind of words, sentences, and expressions to communicate well.

b. Description of Learning Needs