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Figure 3.1. Designing course steps by Masuhara in Tomlinson, 1998: 247
Figure 3.2. Research Procedure
E. Data Collection Techniques
The data of this research were collected through questionnaire. The data collected through questionnaire are collected in two separated times. Firstly,
the researcher distributed the need analysis questionnaire to get data about the Writing the course design
Conducting needs analysis
Developing the first draft of materials
Getting expert judgment
Revising and writing the final draft Goals and objectives
Syllabus design Methodologymaterials
Testing and evaluation Need analysis
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learners’ needs. Secondly, after designing the materials, the researcher asks materials experts to fill in the questionnaire to get suggestions and comments
about the materials developed.
F. Research Instruments
The instruments used to get the data were two types of questionnaire. The first questionnaire, the need analysis questionnaire, aimed to get the data
about the learners and learn ers’ needs. This questionnaire was adapted from
Hutchinson and Waters 1987 and Nunan 2004. The second questionnaire, expe
rts’ judgment questionnaire, aimed to get suggestions and comments about the materials developed from the expert of materials and expert of
speaking. This questionnaire was adapted from BSNP Badan Standar Nasional Penilaian. The results of e
xperts’ judgment questionnaire were used to revise the first draft of the materials.
G. Data Analysis Techniques
1. The First Questionnaire Needs Analysis Questionnaire
Data from needs analysis questionnaire was analyzed through calculating the percentage of each answer on the questionnaire by
following the formula of:
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Where: P : Percentage
: Frequency : Total number of respondents
100 : Fixed number
The highest percentage of answers on each question is considered as the tendency of the students related to the condition.
2. The Second Questionnaire Expert Judgment Questionnaire
The second questionnaire uses Likert-Scale as the measurement. Then, he data resulted were converted to descriptive analysis in terms of
its goodness as proposed by Suharto 2006: 52-53. The indicator to measure is the Mean
. The means were calculated by using the formula of data conversion of
Table 3.1. Data Conversion by Suharto 2006: 52-53
Scales Category
Interval of Mean
5 Very good
4.20 5.00
4 Good
3.40 4.19
3 Fair
2.60 3.39
2 Poor
1.80 2.59
1 Very Poor
1.00 1.79
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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
