24 presented in the text, like knowledge of vocabulary, grammar, and
knowledge of world, because reading requires a logical sequence and practice to set them into the mind.
2. Reading Comprehension
a. Definition
Reading comprehension is a part of the reading skills that is being needed by the students in both academic and personal reading. Without
comprehension, the readers are difficult to cover their reading. There are some definition of reading comprehension that giving more detail
understanding and the related matters. Klingner, Vaughn, and Broadman 2007: 2 argue that reading
comprehension is the process of constructing meaning by arranging some complex processes in brain that contain word reading, word and word
knowledge and also fluency. Day 1998: 14 also conveys that the crucial thing to comprehension that is the knowledge that the readers bring to the
text.
b. Micro Skills for Reading Comprehension
In order to be a good reader, people need to master several reading skills. The reading skills consist of two major elements namely micro-
skills and macro-skills. Both micro- and macro skills can be the
25 intension of reading comprehension assessment Brown, 2004: 187.
The micro-skills consist of: 1 Discriminate among the distinctive grapes and autographic pattern of
English. 2 Retain chunks of language of inferential lengths in short term memory.
3 Process writing at an efficient rate of speed to suit the purpose. 4 Recognize a core of words, and interpret word order patterns and their
significance. 5 Recognize grammatical word classes nouns, verb, etc, system, pattern
rules, and elliptical forms. 6 Recognize that a particular meaning maybe expressed in different
grammatical form. 7 Recognize cohesive devices in written discourse and their role in
signaling the relationship between and among clauses. 8 Recognize the rhetorical forms of written discourse and their
significance for interpretation. 9 Recognize the communicative functions of written texts, according to
form and purpose. 10 Infer context that is not explicit by using background knowledge.
11 Infer links and connections between event, ideas, etc. 12 Distinguish between literal and implied meanings.
26 13 Detect culturally specific references and interpret them in a context of
the appropriate cultural schemata. 14 Develop and use a battery of reading strategies.
c. Factors Affecting Reading Comprehension
