manner. From the table above, it has been proved that as a productive phrase which becomes the most likely appear phrase in writing, noun phrase has the
biggest chance to cause the structural ambiguity in a sentence. As seen in the second statement, verb phrase occurred twice or 10 as
structural ambiguity found in the fan-fiction. The first verb phrase had two verbs connected by conjunction ‘and’ and had an adverb as a pre-modifier before the
first verb. The second verb phrase became ambiguous because of the preposition ‘with’ which acted as adverb of manner in a complex sentence. The writer also
found two adjective phrases or 10 of the percentage of ambiguous phrases found in fan-fictions. The phrase was structurally ambiguous because it had two
adjectives connected by preposition ‘and’ but it had degree as pre-modifier. On the other hand, the writer did not found any ambiguities caused by adverbial
phrase or prepositional phrase. The prepositional phrases may occur in the ambiguity, but, those were under the noun phrase as its parents on syntactic tree.
So, the writer did not consider the prepositional phrase as individual ambiguous phrase.
4.2 Ambiguous Phrases Found in the Fan-fictions and Its Resolutions
This section will list the structural ambiguity found in the fan-fictions. There will be 20 structural ambiguities. Being separated from the context of the
sentences, the writer will provide the explanation of why the phrases are ambiguous by using simple tree diagram drawn using software explained in
Chapter 3 and also the explanation of the double meanings occurring in the phrase. Later, the writer will give some resolutions how the English learners can resolve
the structural ambiguity so it will have clearer meaning. There will be two different meanings of each ambiguity presented by the
writer. As it is stated before that the data are structural ambiguities which are caused by equivocal phrasing or amphibology in which individual lexemes are
not ambiguous, but their combination in forming a phrase or sentence may have two or more interpretations Ullman, 1977, p. 156, in each number of the
ambiguity that will be listed below, the English learners may have two ways to resolve the ambiguity based on the possible meaning that the fan-fiction authors
intended to deliver to the readers by reconstructing the ambiguous forms of each phrase found.
As additional information, some of the phrases found in the fan-fictions remain ambiguous even though the phrases have been observed inseparably from
the context of the text. This phenomenon is what is called permanent ambiguity as it has been mention in Chapter 2. Meanwhile some of the other phrase is
temporary ambiguous since when the phrases are being related to the context, the ambiguity will be resolve by itself. However, this phenomenon will not be
discussed any further in this study since it is beyond the scope of this study. The section below is the structurally ambiguous phrases found in the fan-
fictions with its meanings and resolutions.
