Research Subjects RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Using the calculation that has been explained in Chapter 3, table 4.1 below shows the percentage of the number of structurally ambiguous phrases found in the fan-fictions. Table 4.1 Occurrence of Structural Ambiguity in Indonesian Authors’ Fan-fiction Products No. Phrases Occurrences Frequency 1. Noun phrase 16 80 2. Verb phrase 2 10 3. Adjective phrase 2 10 Total 20 100 Table 4.1 shows that there are three types of phrases which are found ambiguous. Those are: noun phrase, verb phrase, and adjective phrase. From the first statement of Table 4.1, noun phrase set on the first place with 80 or 16 occurrences as structurally ambiguous phrase in the fan-fictions. A total of nine ambiguous noun phrases had conjunction ‘and’ in its body. As it had the highest occurrence, in three noun phrases with conjunction ‘and’, the phrases became ambiguous because they had adjective as pre-modifiers before the first noun. Three other ambiguous noun phrases had adverbs as pre-modifiers and two of the others had degrees as pre-modifier. One of the ambiguous noun phrases, at last, was a noun which was modified by two other nouns.Four noun phrases were found ambiguous because of having possessive meaning. In two other noun phrases found, double prepositional phrases, which acted as adverb of place, also became the cause of structural ambiguity and one noun phrase was ambiguous because of the existence of the preposition ‘with’ which acted as adverb of manner. From the table above, it has been proved that as a productive phrase which becomes the most likely appear phrase in writing, noun phrase has the biggest chance to cause the structural ambiguity in a sentence. As seen in the second statement, verb phrase occurred twice or 10 as structural ambiguity found in the fan-fiction. The first verb phrase had two verbs connected by conjunction ‘and’ and had an adverb as a pre-modifier before the first verb. The second verb phrase became ambiguous because of the preposition ‘with’ which acted as adverb of manner in a complex sentence. The writer also found two adjective phrases or 10 of the percentage of ambiguous phrases found in fan-fictions. The phrase was structurally ambiguous because it had two adjectives connected by preposition ‘and’ but it had degree as pre-modifier. On the other hand, the writer did not found any ambiguities caused by adverbial phrase or prepositional phrase. The prepositional phrases may occur in the ambiguity, but, those were under the noun phrase as its parents on syntactic tree. So, the writer did not consider the prepositional phrase as individual ambiguous phrase.

4.2 Ambiguous Phrases Found in the Fan-fictions and Its Resolutions

This section will list the structural ambiguity found in the fan-fictions. There will be 20 structural ambiguities. Being separated from the context of the sentences, the writer will provide the explanation of why the phrases are ambiguous by using simple tree diagram drawn using software explained in