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e. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence entails the potential of using ones whole body or parts of the body to solve problems. It is the ability to use mental abilities to
coordinate bodily movements. Gardner sees mental and physical activity as related. The importance of bodily-kinesthetic intelligence is to enhance psycho-motor
abilities, to enhance social skills, to build confidence and self-esteem, to lay the foundations for a sporty lifestyle, and to improve health. Furthermore, the activities
that can enhance this areas of intelligence are shorting shapes, colors, and patterns, moving according to the music, imitating animals, balancing on the line or beam,
playing basketball, playing ‘Simon Says’, and so forth.
f. Interpersonal Intelligence
Interpersonal intelligence concerns with the capacity to understand the intentions, motivations and desires of other people. It allows people to work
effectively with others. The importance of interpersonal intelligence is to become a socially-conscious and well-adjusted adult, to be successful in job, and to develop
emotional and physical well-being. The activities for this area of intelligence are making friends, doing game
about understanding the feeling of others, working in group such as jigsaw puzzle game, expressing affection activity, and learning to solve problems.
The interpersonal intelligence is not something that a child is born with or without. It has to be taught and nurtured during the growing-up stage.
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g. Intrapersonal Intelligence
Intrapersonal intelligence is the intelligence of the self. It is the ability to understand oneself, to appreciate ones feelings, fears and motivations. People who
are high on this area tend to be deep thinkers. They reflect on what they have done and continually make self-assessments. They are in touch with their thoughts, ideas,
and dreams, and their also have the ability to direct their own emotions in such a way as to enrich and guide their own lives Lwin.et al., 2003:241
The importance of this intelligence is to develop a strong sense of self that leads to emotional stability, to control and direct emotions, to be self-directed and
motivated, and to develop a high self-esteem. Additionally, the activities that can enhance this area of intelligence are
involving the children in building their sense of identity and uniqueness like playing fingerprint for instance; building self-esteem through giving a trust for an important
job, praising the child when heshe deserves it, and getting the children to try a new thing.
Every child is unique. They have ability to develop through their intelligences. By maximizing their multiple intelligences, the children can maximize
their abilities. Lwin, M. et al. 2003:3 stated that a child might be strong in his verbal skill and mathematical deduction, but heshe may not have interpersonal skills to get
along with others. On the other hand, what all successful individuals have in common is that they have a strong combination of at least four or five of the nine different
intelligences that can be possessed. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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B. Theoretical Framework
In this section, the writer illustrates the theories reviewed and presents the steps in designing the instructional materials of this study. The materials design in
this study employ Kemp’s Instructional Design Model. The writer decided to adapt some steps in designing materials that will be simplified below:
1. Conducting Needs Analysis
It is necessary to have a need analysis as a preceding step in order to state the goal, topics, and general purposes. In this step, the researcher conducts needs analysis
to gain the information about learners’ purposes and needs in learning English. This survey research is done through questionnaire and interview.
2. Stating Goal, Topics, and General Purposes
Identifying goals is essential, as all educational programs are based on stated goals. In this study, the writer sets and adapts the goal and general purposes from
Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan because English has not been considered as a major subject in the kindergarten. Selection of the topics follows the determined
school’s topics because the school in this study is a three languages national school, where every lesson is conveyed in three languages.
3. Identifying Learners’ Characteristics
Learners’ characteristics are important to consider for ensuring the effectiveness of a program. Learners’ characteristics cover learners’ capabilities,
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