40 kindergarten English teachers and the headmaster of Sekolah Nasional Tiga Bahasa
Budi Utama Yogyakarta. The following table represents the description of the respondents:
Education Background Teaching
Experience in year
Group of Respondents
SMU D1 D2 D3 S1 S2 0-2 2-4 4
Teachers of kindergarten
Headmaster of kindergarten
Sanata Dharma English Lecturer
Table 3.2 The Description of the Respondents in Product Verification
3. Participants of the Field Testing
In field testing, the researcher implemented one of the designed materials in class to know what its influence towards the students’ learning. The participants were
kindergarten students level B of Sekolah Nasional Tiga Bahasa Budi Utama.
C. Research Setting
This study was conducted in Sekolah Nasional Tiga Bahasa Budi Utama Yogyakarta. It began on the September 2008 and finished on February 2009. Data
gathering took place on the 26
th
of September 2008. Analysis of the data began at the initial of this study and finished on March 2009.
41 The study conducted in that school because of some reasons. First, the
researcher specially designed the English instructional material for that school since this school uses multiple intelligences theory to optimize the learning. Second, this
school emphasizes on three languages use –Indonesian, English, and Mandarin. Therefore, English is much needed and always be used in everyday school. Then the
last reason is the writer herself works in that school.
D. Research Instruments
In this study, to obtain the information, the researcher employed questionnaire and interview checklist as research instruments. According to Brown and Rodgers
2002: 120, there are two types of questionnaire; they are open-response items and selected-response items. In the open-response items, the research subjects should give
responses in their own word in the form of writing, whereas selected-response items, the research subjects give responses by selecting from the alternatives provided.
1. Instrument of Research and Information Gathering
The instrument that was used to collect data in research and information
gathering was questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to the headmaster
and kindergarten teachers of Sekolah Nasional Tiga Bahasa Budi Utama Yogyakarta. It was to obtain the information about kindergarten students’ characteristics, needs
and purposes in learning English. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
42
2. Instrument of Product Verification The instruments for participants of product verification were questionnaire
and interview checklist. The questionnaire was distributed to Sanata Dharma English
lecturer, the headmaster and kindergarten English teachers of Sekolah Nasional Tiga Bahasa Budi Utama Yogyakarta. It was significant for gaining the feedback and
suggestions towards the designed materials. The other instrument was interview checklist. It was conducted with the
headmaster of the school in order to get their opinion and feedback on the designed materials.
3. Instrument of Field Testing The instrument for participants of field testing was informal interview
checklist . It was conducted with the kindergarten students of Sekolah Nasional Tiga
Bahasa Budi Utama Yogyakarta to know whether the designed materials were applicable to them and what influence towards their learning.
E. Data Gathering Technique
The questionnaire for gaining information about the targets’ needs and characteristic were distributed in the initial of this study to the head master and
kindergarten teachers of Sekolah Nasional Tiga Bahasa Budi Utama Yogyakarat. It was distributed on the 26
th
of September 2008. Then, for gaining the data of product verification, the interview and second questionnaire were done by the lecturer, the
43 headmaster, and kindergarten teachers as the respondents. It was distributed on the 6
th
of February 2009. In addition, interview as the other tool to obtain the data in this study also
took important role to support the achievement of the data validity. It intended to find out the participants’ feeling and opinions. In this study, the researcher employed
semi-structured interview in which this type of interview combines a certain degree of control with a certain amount of freedom to develop the interview. It was intended
to encourage the interviewee to give fuller and more detail information or responses. The researcher conducted the interview with the headmaster of the school and
informal interview to kindergarten students in order to know what the influences of the designed materials towards their learning are.
F. Data Analysis
