6
2. The students in Kindergarten level B
TK B Sekolah Nasional Tiga Bahasa Budi Utama Yogyakarta
Hopefully, this study would help the students in learning English by triggering and using the other intelligences to support language learning.
3. The teachers in
Sekolah Nasional Tiga Bahasa Budi Utama Yogyakarta
The designed materials in this study would be used as references for teachers in teaching English in kindergarten level.
4. Further researchers
This study would also be helpful for other researchers who conduct research on the area of developing English instructional materials. It can be useful
source for those who intend to design English instructional materials so that they can develop more effective and appropriate design especially for kindergarten
students.
F. Definition of Terms 1.
Instructional materials
In this study, instructional materials mean forms of printed materials, computer-assisted instructions and televised instruction, and planned or designed
materials for the use of teacher and students in carrying out the teaching learning process” Dick Reiser, 1989:3.
2. Appropriate design of material
The appropriate design of material in this study refers to the suitable materials design as a reference for teachers in teaching English by involving
multiple intelligences and considering students’ characteristics. Additionally, it PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
7 has been designed based on the procedures of instructional design plan from
Jerrold E. Kemp Kemp, 1997 and educational research and development from Borg and Gall Borg and Gall, 1983
that are combined to find out the target needs and the solution for the existing problems.
3. Multiple Intelligences
The theory of multiple intelligences was developed by Dr. Howard Gardner. One of the most remarkable features of this theory is how it provides
eight different potential pathways to learn in children and adults. These eight intelligences are Linguistic Intelligence, Logical-mathematical Intelligence,
Spatial Intelligence, Bodily-kinesthetic Intelligence, Musical Intelligence, Interpersonal Intelligence, Intrapersonal Intelligence, and Naturalist Intelligence
Amstrong, 1998 . The theory of multiple intelligences suggests several other ways in which
the material might be presented to facilitate effective learning when a teacher finds difficulty in teaching and delivering lessons.
4. Kindergarten Students
In this study, kindergarten students in level B are the children at the age of five to six years old. According to Hornby 1995, kindergarten is a class or small
school for young children, usually between the ages of four up to six years old to prepare them for the next formal education. Additionally, kindergarten is a school
for young children, conducted in the theory that education should be begun by gratifying and cultivating the normal aptitude for exercise, play, observation, and
construction www.brainydictionary.com wordskikindergarten82465.html. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
This section includes theories and concepts that support this study. It consists of two parts; the first part is the Theoretical Description which concerns with the
review of related literature and the second part is the Theoretical Framework.
A. Theoretical Description
Theoretical description discusses Theories of Instructional Design Models according to Kemp, Foreign Language Teaching to Very Young Children, Early
Childhood’s Characteristics, Theory of Multiple Intelligences, and The Application of Multiple Intelligences Theory to Kindergarten Classes.
1. Kemp’s Instructional Design Models
Instructional design must take into account some principles of human learning, especially the condition under which learning occurs. In other words, the
instructional material design is an essential part of an instructional program design. Since instructional design is very crucial, it needs some considerations in choosing a
design model which will be adapted in this study. A model should be simple and have clear steps to be followed. Additionally, it should also be flexible in order to facilitate
the designers to be able to do the adaptation between the instructional objectives and the strategy to accomplish the objectives.
8 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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