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E. Definition of Terms
This part presents several terms and the definitions dealt with what the writer needs to discuss in this thesis. The aim of this part is to avoid
misconception and misinterpretation. Those terms are:
1. Influence
According to Horace B. English and Champney English, “influence is part-cause of an event or condition that which has effect on an even” 108. In this
study, the word “influence” refers to the Anson’s experience in his childhood which causes his bad personality development.
2. Abuse
According to Crosson and Tower, “Abuse refers to the use or treatment of
something a person, item, substance, concept, or vocabulary that is harmful” 10. In this study, abuse is focused on physical and psychological abuse done by
Anson’s parents.
3. Personality
Allport as cited in Hurlock states that Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those
psychophysical system that determine his unique adjustments to his environment. Personality type refers to the psychological classification of
different types of people. Personality types are distinguished from personality traits, which come in different levels or degree 462.
9 Ernest R. Hilgard states “Personality is the characteristic patterns of
behavior and modes of thinking that determine a person’s adjustment to the environment” 383. In this study, the word “personality” refers to the Anson’s
characterization in the novel as the result of his early year experience factor
4. Effect
According to Horace B. English and Champney English, “effect is a phenomenon or event that in variably follows a certain other phenomenon and
never occurs except in such sequence” 170. In this study, the word “effect” refers to the result of the rearing method applied by Anson’s parents to Anson’s
personality development.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter is divided into two main divisions. The first part is the review of related theories. These are the theories which are relevant with the study. The
second one is theoretical framework. It explains the contribution on each theory in solving the problems.
A. Review of Related Theories
The review of related theories consists of the theory of literary approach, theory of character and characterization, theory of abuse, and theory of
personality. The review of related theories reviews the theories applied in conducting the study.
1. Critical Approach
According to Rohrberger and Woods the critical approach is divided into five approaches to analyze a work of literature. Those are “formalist approach,
biographical approach, sociocultural-historical approach, mythopoeic approach, psychological approach” 6. The first one is the formalist approach, “this
approach concerns with demonstrating the harmonious involvement of all the parts to the whole and with pointing out how meaning is derived from structure
and how matters of technique determine structure” 6. The formalist approach is
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