Class struggle Review of Related Theories

Three years later, World War I happened in 1914-1918. As the impact of this war, Lebanon suffered the Great Famine, a mass-starving tragedy. Thousands people died in hunger. Through his works, Gibran expressed his empathy toward his people. According to Nasar 1980: 23, “The early New York years were overcast for Gibran by the terrible fate of Lebanon during the Great War fully one-third of the population of the Mountain starved. His chronic melancholia pervades the prose-poems in Arabic of this period”. The description about the condition in late eighteenth century certainly and the situation of Lebanon in that time had affected Gibran’s works. Suheil Bushrui and Joe Jenkins state that, His early works are tales of courage, stories in which the down trodden for liberty and proclaim a message of justice – a whip in Gibran’s words as he unleashes his vituperation on those who exploit the poor. There is also a message of conciliation for those who struggle to be free from the shackles of nationalism, sectarianism, and medievalism Bushrui and Jenskins, 2007: 22. According to Bushrui and Jenskins 2007: 115, “We and You,” published on January 6, 1911 in the emigrant newspaper Mir’atal-Gharb Mirror of the West”.Bushrui and Jenskins also say that, Like his other work of the time, “We and You” is laden with overtones of social protest – the outspoken intensity of the poem reflecting Gibran’s own increasing self-confidence within American society, his “reposeful power,” described by Mary as “the big lines of his character” which she sensed were becoming “more pronounced, more dominant, steadier” Bushrui and Jenskins, 2007: 115. Based on these explanations about the background of him, it is clear that Gibran’s works are influenced by his social condition during his time. According to the Bushrui and Jenskins, the poem “We and You” describes about how Gibran depicts two different group of peolpe. They say, The poem is a litany of contrasts between “we” – the poets, prophets, and musicians who “fill the hands of the Angels with the seeds of our inner selves”38 – and “you” a pronoun representing the social, political, and ecclesiastical supporters of the status quo, the “sons of the pursuit of ‘earthly Gaiety’ ”, who “place your hearts in the hands of Emptiness. From the quotation, the narrator in this poem is the people who claim themselves as “the poet, prophet, and musicians”. It is can be said that Kahlil Gibran as the poet, who writes the poem “We and You”, has involved in the poem that is included in “We”. Thus, this poem can be considered as the way Gibran tells about the discrimination in the society. As Bushrui and Jenskins have said, most of Kahlil Gibran’s works including “We and You” are the expression of the social protest in which Gibran stands to voice the idea of suffering people in society.

D. Theoretical Framework

This study focuses on the class struggle that is shown through the existence of figurative language and allusions. The theory of figurative language, allusions, capitalism, social stratification, social classes, class struggle, the relatedstudies, and the review of social background of poet and the poem are needed in order to develop this study. Those explanations are significant for the analysis of this study.The contribution of figurative language and allusions theories are used to understand the figure of speech and the allusions in Kahlil Gibran poems, so that the researcher can make a good interpretation for each oftheir meanings. The figurative language and allusions found in “We and You” are used to find out the idea of class struggle in the society. Theories of capitalism, social