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the author writes in the text without many details. The way of skimming is done by knowing the key word.
2 Scanning
Scanning is a reading strategy to find specific information from a text. The purpose of scanning is to focus on particular words, numbers, or phrases in the
text. The students have to know the information that they want to search. 3
Reading with Comprehension Reading with comprehension means the students are able to understand
everything which has been read. To be able to do this technique, the students should organize the ideas, recognize the purpose of the author and evaluate it.
4. PowerPoint
PowerPoint is media which can use in teaching. There are some benefits of PowerPoint. Mills 2003 stated the benefits of using PowerPoint in teaching:
a. It provides encouragement. PowerPoint is supported by facilitating a presentation
in a professional manner. The templates provided have been designed to default good presentation criteria such as the number of lines of information per slide
and appropriate font sizes and types. For example, using the styles of the default templates can significantly improve the clarity of a presentation.
b. The presentation can appeal to a number of different learning styles by careful
mixing of media. It can stimulate student interest in studying. Teachers are
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encouraged to incorporate more sophisticated visual and auditory media into presentations.
c. PowerPoint comes with free viewer software that can be distributed with the files
so that the reader is not required to have PowerPoint on their personal system. d.
Editing of each PowerPoint file is very easy with minimal associated reprinting costs. This ease and potential immediacy of revision facilitates reflection upon,
and evolution of, teaching materials by staff whilst minimizing the consequences of any revision in terms of either workload or time.
Mills 2003 also stated that there are some points that should be done in designing material
a. PowerPoint should provide key words, concepts, and images to enhance your
presentation but PowerPoint should not replace you as the presenter. b.
Avoid reading from the slide of reading material can be perceived as though you don‟t know the material. If you must read the material, provide it in a
handout instead of a projected PowerPoint slide. c.
Avoid rapidly moving the laser pointer across the slide. Also, use a laser pointer with a large enough dot to be seen from all areas of the room. Allow
no more than one to two slides per minute of content. d.
Stand to one side of the screen and face the audience while presenting. Leave classroom lights on and turn off lights directly over the projection screen if
possible.
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e. Learn to use PowerPoint efficiently and have a back-up plan in case of
technical failure. f.
Give yourself enough time to finish the presentation. Trying to rush through slides can give the impression of an unorganized presentation and may be
difficult for student to follow.
B. Theoretical Framework
The related literatures above give us the understanding of instructional design, computer assisted language learning, reading skill, and PowerPoint. All review of
literatures become the base of clarifying the theoretical framework of this study. In this study, the writer uses two kinds of instructional models, those are Dick
and Carey‟s and Kemp‟s. Not all of the theories are applied in this study. The writer use Kemp‟s theory in design material and Dick and Carey‟s theory as a supported
theory. All of the theories give contribution in designing a set of English reading instructional materials using PowerPoint program for eighth grade students of SMP
Negeri 2 Mlati .
As it is stated in previous part, in designing material, the writer applies Kemp‟s Instructional Design Models. The reason why the writer uses that
instructional design models is that it could be easily understood and are suitable. The steps done by the writer were as follows:
1 Conducting need survey. The writer would find out information about the
students‟ needs and also students‟ characteristic by distributing questionnaires to
